首页 / 操作系统 / Linux / Spring的ContextLoaderListener 简介
在开发Spring的Web项目中,通常我们都会在web.xml中配置一个Spring的核心监听器,就是把Spring的IOC容器纳入Servlet容器中,配置如下:<listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><context-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value></context-param>查看ContextLoaderListener源码如下:public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {public ContextLoaderListener() {}public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {super(context);}@Overridepublic void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());}@Overridepublic void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());}}ContextLoaderListener官方源码定义是Spring的root(也就是WebApplicationContext)启动和关闭的引导监听器,当调用ContextLoaderListener的无参构造器时,就会创建一个新的ContextLoaderListener,也将会创建一个web应用上下文基于web.xml中的contextLoader和contextConfigLocation的servlet context-param参数,创建的应用上下文会被注册到ServletContext中通过WebApplicationContext里的ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE这个属性。ContextLoaderListener继承自ContextLoader并且实现了ServletContextListener接口,实现ServletContextListener作用不言而喻,就是要让Spring和Servlet容器关联起来,让Spring容器伴随着Servlet容器的启动而启动,其实这个类中最主要的一个方法就是contextInitialized(),作用就是Spring上下文初始化,里面的initWebApplicationContext()是从父类ContextLoader中继承过来的,查看源码:public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");}Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");}long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();try {// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.if (this.context == null) {this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);}if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;if (!cwac.isActive()) {// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etcif (cwac.getParent() == null) {// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->// determine parent for root web application context, if any.ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);cwac.setParent(parent);}configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);}}servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {currentContext = this.context;}else if (ccl != null) {currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);}if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");}if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");}return this.context;}catch (RuntimeException ex) {logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);throw ex;}catch (Error err) {logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);throw err;}} 关于多次出现的ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE这个参数,我个人理解的就是它是Servlet容器识别Spring的一个标识,如果为null,说明Spring还有没注册进Servlet容器中, 紧接着就是创建WebApplicationContext,configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext()这个方法最主要就是配置applicationContext.xml这个文件,servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);这句代码就是把Spring容器注册进ServletContext中。关于WebApplicationContext这个接口:public interface WebApplicationContext extends ApplicationContext {String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";String SCOPE_REQUEST = "request";String SCOPE_SESSION = "session";String SCOPE_GLOBAL_SESSION = "globalSession";String SCOPE_APPLICATION = "application";String SERVLET_CONTEXT_BEAN_NAME = "servletContext";String CONTEXT_PARAMETERS_BEAN_NAME = "contextParameters";String CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTES_BEAN_NAME = "contextAttributes";ServletContext getServletContext();} WebApplicationContext继承自ApplicationContext,这个接口添加了一个getServletContext()方法,并且定义了一些root context在启动进程中必须绑定的application属性,和一般的应用上下文一样,web application contexts也是分层的,每一个应用都有一个root context,并且应用里的每个Servlet都有自己的子context,除了标准的应用上下文声明周期,WebApplicationContext实现需要探测ServletContextAware beans和调用setServletContext()方法。WebApplicationContext里面定义了一些常用的bean作用域属性,比如request,session,globalSession,application,servletContext.其实可以在相应的类中打断点调试,这样更能加深印象,有一点不明白的是else if (ccl != null) {currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);}这段代码中ccl明明不为空,可是断点调试却不会执行,不知道哪位能解释一下。本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-07/133640.htm