首页 / 操作系统 / Linux / Linux下用文件IO的方式操作GPIO(/sys/class/gpio)
通过sysfs方式控制GPIO,先访问/sys/class/gpio目录,向export文件写入GPIO编号,使得该GPIO的操作接口从内核空间暴露到用户空间,GPIO的操作接口包括direction和value等,direction控制GPIO方向,而value可控制GPIO输出或获得GPIO输入。文件IO方式操作GPIO,使用到了4个函数open、close、read、write。首先,看看系统中有没有“/sys/class/gpio”这个文件夹。如果没有请在编译内核的时候加入 Device Drivers-> GPIO Support ->/sys/class/gpio/… (sysfs interface)。/sys/class/gpio 的使用说明:gpio_operation 通过/sys/文件接口操作IO端口 GPIO到文件系统的映射◇ 控制GPIO的目录位于/sys/class/gpio◇ /sys/class/gpio/export文件用于通知系统需要导出控制的GPIO引脚编号◇ /sys/class/gpio/unexport 用于通知系统取消导出◇ /sys/class/gpio/gpiochipX目录保存系统中GPIO寄存器的信息,包括每个寄存器控制引脚的起始编号base,寄存器名称,引脚总数 导出一个引脚的操作步骤◇ 首先计算此引脚编号,引脚编号 = 控制引脚的寄存器基数 + 控制引脚寄存器位数◇ 向/sys/class/gpio/export写入此编号,比如12号引脚,在shell中可以通过以下命令实现,命令成功后生成/sys/class/gpio/gpio12目录,如果没有出现相应的目录,说明此引脚不可导出◇ direction文件,定义输入输入方向,可以通过下面命令定义为输出。direction接受的参数:in, out, high, low。high/low同时设置方向为输出,并将value设置为相应的1/0◇ value文件是端口的数值,为1或0 几个例子:1. 导出/sys/class/gpio# echo 44 > export2. 设置方向/sys/class/gpio/gpio44# echo out > direction3. 查看方向/sys/class/gpio/gpio44# cat direction4. 设置输出/sys/class/gpio/gpio44# echo 1 > value5. 查看输出值/sys/class/gpio/gpio44# cat value6. 取消导出/sys/class/gpio# echo 44 > unexport 文件读写例程:#include stdlib.h #include stdio.h #include string.h#include unistd.h#include fcntl.h //define O_WRONLY and O_RDONLY //芯片复位引脚: P1_16#define SYSFS_GPIO_EXPORT "/sys/class/gpio/export" #define SYSFS_GPIO_RST_PIN_VAL "48" #define SYSFS_GPIO_RST_DIR "/sys/class/gpio/gpio48/direction"#define SYSFS_GPIO_RST_DIR_VAL "OUT" #define SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL "/sys/class/gpio/gpio48/value"#define SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL_H "1"#define SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL_L "0" int main(){ int fd; //打开端口/sys/class/gpio# echo 48 > export fd = open(SYSFS_GPIO_EXPORT, O_WRONLY); if(fd == -1) { printf("ERR: Radio hard reset pin open error.
"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } write(fd, SYSFS_GPIO_RST_PIN_VAL ,sizeof(SYSFS_GPIO_RST_PIN_VAL)); close(fd); //设置端口方向/sys/class/gpio/gpio48# echo out > direction fd = open(SYSFS_GPIO_RST_DIR, O_WRONLY); if(fd == -1) { printf("ERR: Radio hard reset pin direction open error.
"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } write(fd, SYSFS_GPIO_RST_DIR_VAL, sizeof(SYSFS_GPIO_RST_DIR_VAL)); close(fd); //输出复位信号: 拉高>100ns fd = open(SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL, O_RDWR); if(fd == -1) { printf("ERR: Radio hard reset pin value open error.
"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } while(1) { write(fd, SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL_H, sizeof(SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL_H)); usleep(1000000); write(fd, SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL_L, sizeof(SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL_L)); usleep(1000000); } close(fd); printf("INFO: Radio hard reset pin value open error.
"); return 0; } 另外参考网上一个网友的程序,这里做了验证,并实现中断检测函数。如下:#include stdlib.h #include stdio.h #include string.h#include unistd.h#include fcntl.h#include poll.h
#define MSG(args...) printf(args)
//函数声明static int gpio_export(int pin);static int gpio_unexport(int pin);static int gpio_direction(int pin, int dir);static int gpio_write(int pin, int value);static int gpio_read(int pin); static int gpio_export(int pin) { char buffer[64]; int len; int fd; fd = open("/sys/class/gpio/export", O_WRONLY); if (fd < 0) { MSG("Failed to open export for writing!
"); return(-1); } len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d", pin); if (write(fd, buffer, len) < 0) { MSG("Failed to export gpio!"); return -1; } close(fd); return 0; }
static int gpio_unexport(int pin) { char buffer[64]; int len; int fd; fd = open("/sys/class/gpio/unexport", O_WRONLY); if (fd < 0) { MSG("Failed to open unexport for writing!
"); return -1; } len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d", pin); if (write(fd, buffer, len) < 0) { MSG("Failed to unexport gpio!"); return -1; } close(fd); return 0; }
//dir: 0-->IN, 1-->OUTstatic int gpio_direction(int pin, int dir) { static const char dir_str[] = "in out"; char path[64]; int fd; snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/direction", pin); fd = open(path, O_WRONLY); if (fd < 0) { MSG("Failed to open gpio direction for writing!
"); return -1; } if (write(fd, &dir_str[dir == 0 ? 0 : 3], dir == 0 ? 2 : 3) < 0) { MSG("Failed to set direction!
"); return -1; } close(fd); return 0; }
//value: 0-->LOW, 1-->HIGHstatic int gpio_write(int pin, int value) { static const char values_str[] = "01"; char path[64]; int fd; snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/value", pin); fd = open(path, O_WRONLY); if (fd < 0) { MSG("Failed to open gpio value for writing!
"); return -1; } if (write(fd, &values_str[value == 0 ? 0 : 1], 1) < 0) { MSG("Failed to write value!
"); return -1; } close(fd); return 0; }
static int gpio_read(int pin) { char path[64]; char value_str[3]; int fd; snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/value", pin); fd = open(path, O_RDONLY); if (fd < 0) { MSG("Failed to open gpio value for reading!
"); return -1; } if (read(fd, value_str, 3) < 0) { MSG("Failed to read value!
"); return -1; } close(fd); return (atoi(value_str));}
// none表示引脚为输入,??是中断引脚// rising表示引脚为中断输入,上升沿触发// falling表示引脚为中断输入,下降沿触发// both表示引脚为中断输入,边沿触发// 0-->none, 1-->rising, 2-->falling, 3-->bothstatic int gpio_edge(int pin, int edge){const char dir_str[] = "none rising falling both";char ptr;char path[64]; int fd;switch(edge){case 0:ptr = 0;break;case 1:ptr = 5;break;case 2:ptr = 12;break;case 3:ptr = 20;break;default:ptr = 0;} snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/edge", pin); fd = open(path, O_WRONLY); if (fd < 0) { MSG("Failed to open gpio edge for writing!
"); return -1; } if (write(fd, &dir_str[ptr], strlen(&dir_str[ptr])) < 0) { MSG("Failed to set edge!
"); return -1; } close(fd); return 0; }
//GPIO1_17int main() { int gpio_fd, ret;struct pollfd fds[1];char buff[10];unsigned char cnt = 0;//LED引脚初始化gpio_export(115);gpio_direction(115, 1);gpio_write(115, 0);//按键引脚初始化gpio_export(49);gpio_direction(49, 0);gpio_edge(49,1);gpio_fd = open("/sys/class/gpio/gpio49/value",O_RDONLY);if(gpio_fd < 0){MSG("Failed to open value!
"); return -1; }fds[0].fd = gpio_fd;fds[0].events = POLLPRI;ret = read(gpio_fd,buff,10);if( ret == -1 )MSG("read
");while(1){ret = poll(fds,1,0);if( ret == -1 )MSG("poll
");if( fds[0].revents & POLLPRI){ret = lseek(gpio_fd,0,SEEK_SET);if( ret == -1 )MSG("lseek
");ret = read(gpio_fd,buff,10);if( ret == -1 )MSG("read
");gpio_write(115, cnt++%2);}usleep(100000);}return 0;} 本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-03/129596.htm