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首页 / 操作系统 / Linux / Linux下用文件IO的方式操作GPIO(/sys/class/gpio)

通过sysfs方式控制GPIO,先访问/sys/class/gpio目录,向export文件写入GPIO编号,使得该GPIO的操作接口从内核空间暴露到用户空间,GPIO的操作接口包括direction和value等,direction控制GPIO方向,而value可控制GPIO输出或获得GPIO输入。文件IO方式操作GPIO,使用到了4个函数open、close、read、write。首先,看看系统中有没有“/sys/class/gpio”这个文件夹。如果没有请在编译内核的时候加入 Device Drivers-> GPIO Support ->/sys/class/gpio/… (sysfs interface)。/sys/class/gpio 的使用说明:gpio_operation 通过/sys/文件接口操作IO端口 GPIO到文件系统的映射◇  控制GPIO的目录位于/sys/class/gpio◇  /sys/class/gpio/export文件用于通知系统需要导出控制的GPIO引脚编号◇  /sys/class/gpio/unexport 用于通知系统取消导出◇  /sys/class/gpio/gpiochipX目录保存系统中GPIO寄存器的信息,包括每个寄存器控制引脚的起始编号base,寄存器名称,引脚总数 导出一个引脚的操作步骤◇  首先计算此引脚编号,引脚编号 = 控制引脚的寄存器基数 + 控制引脚寄存器位数◇  向/sys/class/gpio/export写入此编号,比如12号引脚,在shell中可以通过以下命令实现,命令成功后生成/sys/class/gpio/gpio12目录,如果没有出现相应的目录,说明此引脚不可导出◇  direction文件,定义输入输入方向,可以通过下面命令定义为输出。direction接受的参数:in, out, high, low。high/low同时设置方向为输出,并将value设置为相应的1/0◇  value文件是端口的数值,为1或0 几个例子:1. 导出/sys/class/gpio# echo 44 > export2. 设置方向/sys/class/gpio/gpio44# echo out > direction3. 查看方向/sys/class/gpio/gpio44# cat direction4. 设置输出/sys/class/gpio/gpio44# echo 1 > value5. 查看输出值/sys/class/gpio/gpio44# cat value6. 取消导出/sys/class/gpio# echo 44 > unexport 文件读写例程:#include stdlib.h #include stdio.h #include string.h#include unistd.h#include fcntl.h //define O_WRONLY and O_RDONLY  //芯片复位引脚: P1_16#define SYSFS_GPIO_EXPORT         "/sys/class/gpio/export" #define SYSFS_GPIO_RST_PIN_VAL      "48"  #define SYSFS_GPIO_RST_DIR          "/sys/class/gpio/gpio48/direction"#define SYSFS_GPIO_RST_DIR_VAL      "OUT" #define SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL          "/sys/class/gpio/gpio48/value"#define SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL_H        "1"#define SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL_L        "0" int main(){    int fd;              //打开端口/sys/class/gpio# echo 48 > export       fd = open(SYSFS_GPIO_EXPORT, O_WRONLY);       if(fd == -1)       {                 printf("ERR: Radio hard reset pin open error. ");                 return EXIT_FAILURE;       }       write(fd, SYSFS_GPIO_RST_PIN_VAL ,sizeof(SYSFS_GPIO_RST_PIN_VAL));       close(fd);        //设置端口方向/sys/class/gpio/gpio48# echo out > direction       fd = open(SYSFS_GPIO_RST_DIR, O_WRONLY);       if(fd == -1)       {                 printf("ERR: Radio hard reset pin direction open error. ");                 return EXIT_FAILURE;       }       write(fd, SYSFS_GPIO_RST_DIR_VAL, sizeof(SYSFS_GPIO_RST_DIR_VAL));       close(fd);        //输出复位信号: 拉高>100ns       fd = open(SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL, O_RDWR);       if(fd == -1)       {                 printf("ERR: Radio hard reset pin value open error. ");                 return EXIT_FAILURE;       }             while(1)       {                 write(fd, SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL_H, sizeof(SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL_H));                 usleep(1000000);                 write(fd, SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL_L, sizeof(SYSFS_GPIO_RST_VAL_L));                 usleep(1000000);       }       close(fd);        printf("INFO: Radio hard reset pin value open error. ");       return 0; } 另外参考网上一个网友的程序,这里做了验证,并实现中断检测函数。如下:#include stdlib.h #include stdio.h #include string.h#include unistd.h#include fcntl.h#include poll.h 
#define MSG(args...) printf(args) 
//函数声明static int gpio_export(int pin);static int gpio_unexport(int pin);static int gpio_direction(int pin, int dir);static int gpio_write(int pin, int value);static int gpio_read(int pin);   static int gpio_export(int pin) {     char buffer[64];     int len;     int fd;      fd = open("/sys/class/gpio/export", O_WRONLY);     if (fd < 0) {         MSG("Failed to open export for writing! ");         return(-1);     }      len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d", pin);     if (write(fd, buffer, len) < 0) {         MSG("Failed to export gpio!");         return -1;     }         close(fd);     return 0; }  
static int gpio_unexport(int pin) {     char buffer[64];     int len;     int fd;      fd = open("/sys/class/gpio/unexport", O_WRONLY);     if (fd < 0) {         MSG("Failed to open unexport for writing! ");         return -1;     }      len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d", pin);     if (write(fd, buffer, len) < 0) {         MSG("Failed to unexport gpio!");         return -1;     }         close(fd);     return 0; } 
//dir: 0-->IN, 1-->OUTstatic int gpio_direction(int pin, int dir) {     static const char dir_str[] = "inout";     char path[64];     int fd;      snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/direction", pin);     fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);     if (fd < 0) {         MSG("Failed to open gpio direction for writing! ");         return -1;     }      if (write(fd, &dir_str[dir == 0 ? 0 : 3], dir == 0 ? 2 : 3) < 0) {         MSG("Failed to set direction! ");         return -1;     }      close(fd);     return 0; }  
//value: 0-->LOW, 1-->HIGHstatic int gpio_write(int pin, int value) {     static const char values_str[] = "01";     char path[64];     int fd;      snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/value", pin);     fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);     if (fd < 0) {         MSG("Failed to open gpio value for writing! ");         return -1;     }      if (write(fd, &values_str[value == 0 ? 0 : 1], 1) < 0) {         MSG("Failed to write value! ");         return -1;     }      close(fd);     return 0; } 
static int gpio_read(int pin) {     char path[64];     char value_str[3];     int fd;      snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/value", pin);     fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);     if (fd < 0) {         MSG("Failed to open gpio value for reading! ");         return -1;     }      if (read(fd, value_str, 3) < 0) {         MSG("Failed to read value! ");         return -1;     }      close(fd);     return (atoi(value_str));}  
// none表示引脚为输入,??是中断引脚// rising表示引脚为中断输入,上升沿触发// falling表示引脚为中断输入,下降沿触发// both表示引脚为中断输入,边沿触发// 0-->none, 1-->rising, 2-->falling, 3-->bothstatic int gpio_edge(int pin, int edge){const char dir_str[] = "nonerisingfallingboth";char ptr;char path[64];     int fd;switch(edge){case 0:ptr = 0;break;case 1:ptr = 5;break;case 2:ptr = 12;break;case 3:ptr = 20;break;default:ptr = 0;}     snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/edge", pin);     fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);     if (fd < 0) {         MSG("Failed to open gpio edge for writing! ");         return -1;     }      if (write(fd, &dir_str[ptr], strlen(&dir_str[ptr])) < 0) {         MSG("Failed to set edge! ");         return -1;     }      close(fd);     return 0; } 
//GPIO1_17int main() { int gpio_fd, ret;struct pollfd fds[1];char buff[10];unsigned char cnt = 0;//LED引脚初始化gpio_export(115);gpio_direction(115, 1);gpio_write(115, 0);//按键引脚初始化gpio_export(49);gpio_direction(49, 0);gpio_edge(49,1);gpio_fd = open("/sys/class/gpio/gpio49/value",O_RDONLY);if(gpio_fd < 0){MSG("Failed to open value! "); return -1; }fds[0].fd = gpio_fd;fds[0].events  = POLLPRI;ret = read(gpio_fd,buff,10);if( ret == -1 )MSG("read ");while(1){ret = poll(fds,1,0);if( ret == -1 )MSG("poll ");if( fds[0].revents & POLLPRI){ret = lseek(gpio_fd,0,SEEK_SET);if( ret == -1 )MSG("lseek ");ret = read(gpio_fd,buff,10);if( ret == -1 )MSG("read ");gpio_write(115, cnt++%2);}usleep(100000);}return 0;} 本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-03/129596.htm