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首页 / 操作系统 / Linux / Python多线程之线程创建和终止

Python主要是通过thread和threading这两个模块来实现多线程支持。python的thread模块是比较底层的模块,python的threading模块是对thread做了一些封装,可以更加方便的被使用。但是python(cpython)由于GIL的存在无法使用threading充分利用CPU资源,如果想充分发挥多核CPU的计算能力需要使用multiprocessing模块(Windows下使用会有诸多问题)。如果在对线程应用有较高的要求时可以考虑使用Stackless Python来完成。Stackless Python是Python的一个修改版本,对多线程编程有更好的支持,提供了对微线程的支持。微线程是轻量级的线程,在多个线程间切换所需的时间更多,占用资源也更少。通过threading模块创建新的线程有两种方法:一种是通过threading.Thread(Target=executable Method)-即传递给Thread对象一个可执行方法(或对象);第二种是继承threading.Thread定义子类并重写run()方法。第二种方法中,唯一必须重写的方法是run(),可根据需要决定是否重写__init__()。值得注意的是,若要重写__init__(),父类的__init__()必须要在函数第一行调用,否则会触发错误“AssertionError: Thread.__init__() not called”Python threading模块不同于其他语言之处在于它没有提供线程的终止方法,通过Python threading.Thread()启动的线程彼此是独立的,若在线程A中启动了线程B,那么A、B是彼此独立运行的线程。若想终止线程A的同时强力终止线程B,一个简单的方法是通过在线程A中调用B.setDaemon(True)实现。但这样带来的问题是:线程B中的资源(打开的文件、数据传输等)可能会没有正确的释放。所以setDaemon()并非一个好方法,更为妥当的方式是通过Event机制。下面这段程序体现了setDaemon()和Event机制终止子线程的区别。import threading 
import time 
class mythread(threading.Thread): 
    def __init__(self,stopevt = None,File=None,name = "subthread",Type ="event"): 
        threading.Thread.__init__(self) 
        self.stopevt = stopevt 
        self.name = name 
        self.File = File 
        self.Type = Type 
         
                 
    def Eventrun(self): 
        while not self.stopevt.isSet(): 
            print self.name +" alive " 
            time.sleep(2) 
        if self.File: 
            print "close opened file in "+self.name+" " 
            self.File.close() 
        print self.name +" stoped " 
     
    def Daemonrun(self): 
        D = mythreadDaemon(self.File) 
        D.setDaemon(True) 
        while not self.stopevt.isSet(): 
            print self.name +" alive " 
            time.sleep(2) 
        print self.name +" stoped " 
    def run(self): 
        if self.Type == "event": self.Eventrun() 
        else: self.Daemonrun() 
class mythreadDaemon(threading.Thread): 
    def __init__(self,File=None,name = "Daemonthread"): 
        threading.Thread.__init__(self) 
        self.name = name 
        self.File = File 
    def run(self): 
        while True: 
            print self.name +" alive " 
            time.sleep(2) 
        if self.File: 
            print "close opened file in "+self.name+" " 
            self.File.close() 
        print self.name +" stoped " 
         
def evtstop(): 
    stopevt = threading.Event() 
    FileA = open("testA.txt","w") 
    FileB = open("testB.txt","w") 
    A = mythread(stopevt,FileA,"subthreadA") 
    B = mythread(stopevt,FileB,"subthreadB") 
    print repr(threading.currentThread())+"alive " 
    print FileA.name + " closed? "+repr(FileA.closed)+" " 
    print FileB.name + " closed? "+repr(FileB.closed)+" " 
    A.start() 
    B.start() 
    time.sleep(1) 
    print repr(threading.currentThread())+"send stop signal " 
    stopevt.set() 
    A.join() 
    B.join() 
    print  repr(threading.currentThread())+"stoped " 
    print "after A stoped, "+FileA.name + " closed? "+repr(FileA.closed)+" " 
    print "after A stoped, "+FileB.name + " closed? "+repr(FileB.closed)+" " 
def daemonstop(): 
    stopevt = threading.Event() 
    FileA = open("testA.txt","r") 
    A = mythread(stopevt,FileA,"subthreadA",Type = "Daemon") 
    print repr(threading.currentThread())+"alive " 
    print FileA.name + " closed? "+repr(FileA.closed)+" " 
    A.start() 
    time.sleep(1) 
    stopevt.set() 
    A.join() 
    print  repr(threading.currentThread())+"stoped " 
    print "after A stoped, "+FileA.name + " closed? "+repr(FileA.closed)+" " 
    if not FileA.closed: 
        print "You see the differents, the resource in subthread may not released with setDaemon()" 
        FileA.close() 
if __name__ =="__main__": 
    print "-------stop subthread example with Event:---------- " 
    evtstop() 
    print "-------Daemon stop subthread example :---------- " 
    daemonstop() 运行结果是:-------stop subthread example with Event:---------- 
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>alive 
testA.txt closed? False 
testB.txt closed? False 
subthreadA alive 
subthreadB alive 
 
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>send stop signal 
close opened file in subthreadA 
close opened file in subthreadB 
 
subthreadA stoped 
subthreadB stoped 
 
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>stoped 
after A stoped, testA.txt closed? True 
after A stoped, testB.txt closed? True 
-------Daemon stop subthread example :---------- 
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>alive 
testA.txt closed? False 
subthreadA alive 
subthreadA stoped 
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>stoped 
after A stoped, testA.txt closed? False 
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