Python主要是通过thread和threading这两个模块来实现多线程支持。python的thread模块是比较底层的模块,python的threading模块是对thread做了一些封装,可以更加方便的被使用。但是python(cpython)由于GIL的存在无法使用threading充分利用CPU资源,如果想充分发挥多核CPU的计算能力需要使用multiprocessing模块(Windows下使用会有诸多问题)。如果在对线程应用有较高的要求时可以考虑使用Stackless Python来完成。Stackless Python是Python的一个修改版本,对多线程编程有更好的支持,提供了对微线程的支持。微线程是轻量级的线程,在多个线程间切换所需的时间更多,占用资源也更少。通过threading模块创建新的线程有两种方法:一种是通过threading.Thread(Target=executable Method)-即传递给Thread对象一个可执行方法(或对象);第二种是继承threading.Thread定义子类并重写run()方法。第二种方法中,唯一必须重写的方法是run(),可根据需要决定是否重写__init__()。值得注意的是,若要重写__init__(),父类的__init__()必须要在函数第一行调用,否则会触发错误“AssertionError: Thread.__init__() not called”Python threading模块不同于其他语言之处在于它没有提供线程的终止方法,通过Python threading.Thread()启动的线程彼此是独立的,若在线程A中启动了线程B,那么A、B是彼此独立运行的线程。若想终止线程A的同时强力终止线程B,一个简单的方法是通过在线程A中调用B.setDaemon(True)实现。但这样带来的问题是:线程B中的资源(打开的文件、数据传输等)可能会没有正确的释放。所以setDaemon()并非一个好方法,更为妥当的方式是通过Event机制。下面这段程序体现了setDaemon()和Event机制终止子线程的区别。import threading import time class mythread(threading.Thread): def __init__(self,stopevt = None,File=None,name = "subthread",Type ="event"): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.stopevt = stopevt self.name = name self.File = File self.Type = Type
def Eventrun(self): while not self.stopevt.isSet(): print self.name +" alive
" time.sleep(2) if self.File: print "close opened file in "+self.name+"
" self.File.close() print self.name +" stoped
"
def Daemonrun(self): D = mythreadDaemon(self.File) D.setDaemon(True) while not self.stopevt.isSet(): print self.name +" alive
" time.sleep(2) print self.name +" stoped
" def run(self): if self.Type == "event": self.Eventrun() else: self.Daemonrun() class mythreadDaemon(threading.Thread): def __init__(self,File=None,name = "Daemonthread"): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.name = name self.File = File def run(self): while True: print self.name +" alive
" time.sleep(2) if self.File: print "close opened file in "+self.name+"
" self.File.close() print self.name +" stoped
"
def evtstop(): stopevt = threading.Event() FileA = open("testA.txt","w") FileB = open("testB.txt","w") A = mythread(stopevt,FileA,"subthreadA") B = mythread(stopevt,FileB,"subthreadB") print repr(threading.currentThread())+"alive
" print FileA.name + " closed? "+repr(FileA.closed)+"
" print FileB.name + " closed? "+repr(FileB.closed)+"
" A.start() B.start() time.sleep(1) print repr(threading.currentThread())+"send stop signal
" stopevt.set() A.join() B.join() print repr(threading.currentThread())+"stoped
" print "after A stoped, "+FileA.name + " closed? "+repr(FileA.closed)+"
" print "after A stoped, "+FileB.name + " closed? "+repr(FileB.closed)+"
" def daemonstop(): stopevt = threading.Event() FileA = open("testA.txt","r") A = mythread(stopevt,FileA,"subthreadA",Type = "Daemon") print repr(threading.currentThread())+"alive
" print FileA.name + " closed? "+repr(FileA.closed)+"
" A.start() time.sleep(1) stopevt.set() A.join() print repr(threading.currentThread())+"stoped
" print "after A stoped, "+FileA.name + " closed? "+repr(FileA.closed)+"
" if not FileA.closed: print "You see the differents, the resource in subthread may not released with setDaemon()" FileA.close() if __name__ =="__main__": print "-------stop subthread example with Event:----------
" evtstop() print "-------Daemon stop subthread example :----------
" daemonstop() 运行结果是:-------stop subthread example with Event:---------- <_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>alive testA.txt closed? False testB.txt closed? False subthreadA alive subthreadB alive
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>send stop signal close opened file in subthreadA close opened file in subthreadB
subthreadA stoped subthreadB stoped
<_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>stoped after A stoped, testA.txt closed? True after A stoped, testB.txt closed? True -------Daemon stop subthread example :---------- <_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>alive testA.txt closed? False subthreadA alive subthreadA stoped <_MainThread(MainThread, started 2436)>stoped after A stoped, testA.txt closed? False You see the differents, the resource in subthread may not released with setDaemon() Python向PHP发起GET与POST请求 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-10/107903.htm《Python核心编程 第二版》.(Wesley J. Chun ).[高清PDF中文版] http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/85425.htm《Python开发技术详解》.( 周伟,宗杰).[高清PDF扫描版+随书视频+代码] http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-11/92693.htmPython脚本获取Linux系统信息 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-08/88531.htm在Ubuntu下用Python搭建桌面算法交易研究环境 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-11/92534.htmPython 语言的发展简史 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/107206.htmPython 的详细介绍:请点这里 Python 的下载地址:请点这里本文永久更新链接地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-12/110154.htm