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查看MySQL二进制文件中的内容有两种方式1.  mysqlbinlog2.  SHOW BINLOG EVENTS [IN "log_name"] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]下面来测试一下,在mysql中执行如下操作mysql> flush logs;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into test.t1 values(1,"a");Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> use testReading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changedmysql> insert into test.t1 values(2,"b");Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| mysql-bin.000021 |546 ||| |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) 对应二进制日志中的内容如下通过mysqlbinlog查看# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000021/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4#1608174:53:02 server id 1end_log_pos 120 CRC32 0xf9bbe803 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.6.31-log created 1608174:53:02# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.BINLOG "Ln2zVw8BAAAAdAAAAHgAAAABAAQANS42LjMxLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXAAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKGRkAAQPou/k="/*!*/;
# at 120#1608174:53:06 server id 1end_log_pos 195 CRC32 0x0182ee55 Querythread_id=3exec_time=0error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1471380786/*!*/;SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=3/*!*/;SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;SET @@session.sql_mode=1075838976/*!*/;SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;/*!C utf8 *//*!*/;SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;BEGIN/*!*/;
# at 195#1608174:53:06 server id 1end_log_pos 298 CRC32 0xf9049380 Querythread_id=3exec_time=0error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1471380786/*!*/;insert into test.t1 values(1,"a")/*!*/;
# at 298#1608174:53:06 server id 1end_log_pos 329 CRC32 0xdb58b5b4 Xid = 25COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 329#1608174:53:15 server id 1end_log_pos 408 CRC32 0xcc370a55 Querythread_id=3exec_time=0error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1471380795/*!*/;BEGIN/*!*/;
# at 408#1608174:53:15 server id 1end_log_pos 515 CRC32 0x4fa06a6e Querythread_id=3exec_time=0error_code=0use `test`/*!*/;SET TIMESTAMP=1471380795/*!*/;insert into test.t1 values(2,"b")/*!*/;
# at 515#1608174:53:15 server id 1end_log_pos 546 CRC32 0x5f51e8bd Xid = 33COMMIT/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;# End of log fileROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;解析如下:1. at xxx,不仅仅是事件开始的位置,同样是二进制日志的物理大小    譬如上述日志中,结束位置是end_log_pos 546,则二进制日志的大小也是546.# ll mysql-bin.000021-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 546 Aug 17 04:53 mysql-bin.0000212. at 4,对应的事件类型是FORMAT_DESCRIPTION_EVENT,是所有binlog文件中的第一个事件,在一个binlog中仅出现一次,MySQL会根据FORMAT_DESCRIPTION_EVENT事件的定义来解析binlog中的其它事件。该事件类型定义了binlog版本,MySQL Server的版本,binlog的创建时间等。3. at 120,是第一个事务开始的偏移量,对应的事件类型是QUERY_EVENT,实际上也只执行了一个BEGIN操作。 4. 下面来截取一个事件来看看# at 195#1608174:53:06 server id 1end_log_pos 298 CRC32 0xf9049380 Querythread_id=3exec_time=0error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1471380786/*!*/;insert into test.t1 values(1,"a")/*!*/;   该事件对应的事件类型是QUERY_EVENT   QUERY_EVENT类型的事件通常在以下几种情况下使用。   1> 事务开始时的BEGIN操作   2> 对于STATEMENT格式的DML操作   3> 对于ROW格式的DDL操作。   该事件会指明server_id,slave_proxy_id(会话的线程id),execution time(查询从开始执行到记录到binlog所花的时间,单位为秒),error-code(错误码),status-vars(status-vars是以键值对的形式保存起来的一系列由SET命令设置的上下文信息,譬如当前的时间戳),schema(当前选择的数据库),query(原生的DML语句,譬如insert into test.t1 values(1,"a"))5. 同样是insert操作,一个没有切换schema,直接执行insert into test.t1 values(1,"a"),一个是先use test,再执行insert操作,反映在binlog中的内容也不一样,实际上,这会影响基于库的部分复制的判断逻辑。6. 在执行基于binlog的部分恢复时,截止的时间点应该是commit操作的end_log_pos,而不是commit操作之前的的at xxx。    譬如,针对上面的commit操作# at 515#1608174:53:15 server id 1end_log_pos 546 CRC32 0x5f51e8bd Xid = 33COMMIT/*!*/;    如果要执行第二个insert语句,则--stop-position=546,而不是515。 7. 在用mysqlbinlog查看binlog后都会带上ROLLBACK操作,这个在执行基于binlog的部分恢复时,会有用处。    # mysqlbinlog --stop-position=515 mysql-bin.000021 ....# at 408#1608174:53:15 server id 1end_log_pos 515 CRC32 0x4fa06a6e Querythread_id=3exec_time=0error_code=0use `test`/*!*/;SET TIMESTAMP=1471380795/*!*/;insert into test.t1 values(2,"b")/*!*/;DELIMITER ;# End of log fileROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;   我只应用到binlog偏移量为515的位置,这个时候只有insert操作,而没有针对该操作的commit,所以mysqlbinlog会显式增加一个rollback操作,直接回滚事务。通过SHOW BINLOG EVENTS查看通过这种方式查看还是蛮直观的mysql> show binlog events in "mysql-bin.000021";+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+| Log_name | Pos | Event_type| Server_id | End_log_pos | Info|+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+| mysql-bin.000021 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 120 | Server ver: 5.6.31-log, Binlog ver: 4 || mysql-bin.000021 | 120 | Query | 1 | 195 | BEGIN || mysql-bin.000021 | 195 | Query | 1 | 298 | insert into test.t1 values(1,"a") || mysql-bin.000021 | 298 | Xid | 1 | 329 | COMMIT /* xid=25 */ || mysql-bin.000021 | 329 | Query | 1 | 408 | BEGIN || mysql-bin.000021 | 408 | Query | 1 | 515 | use `test`; insert into test.t1 values(2,"b") || mysql-bin.000021 | 515 | Xid | 1 | 546 | COMMIT /* xid=33 */ |+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+7 rows in set (0.00 sec) 事务的操作是何时写入到binlog中的?MySQL使用binlog_cache_mngr结构来缓存一个事务的所有操作,如果用户执行commit操作,则将binlog_cache_mngr中的内容写入到binlog中;如果用户执行rollback操作,则直接丢弃binlog_cache_mngr中的内容。否则的话,如果事务中的操作立刻写入到binlog中,那么在回滚时就相当麻烦。当时有一点需要注意的是,对于非事务的存储引擎,所有的修改会立刻写入到binlog中。譬如下面的测试中,t_myisam是myisam表,t1是innodb表,在两张表中分别插入一条记录,再执行回滚。mysql> set autocommit=0;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)mysql> insert into t_myisam values(1,"a");Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)mysql> insert into t1 values(4,"d");Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)mysql> rollback;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> show warnings;+---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+| Level | Code | Message |+---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+| Warning | 1196 | Some non-transactional changed tables couldn"t be rolled back |+---------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------+但通过查看binlog日志的内容,即便该事务回滚了,针对t_myisam表的操作还是写入到binlog中了mysql> show binlog events in "mysql-bin.000017";+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+| Log_name | Pos | Event_type| Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+| mysql-bin.000017 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 120 | Server ver: 5.6.31-log, Binlog ver: 4|| mysql-bin.000017 | 120 | Query | 1 | 199 | BEGIN|| mysql-bin.000017 | 199 | Query | 1 | 307 | use `test`; insert into t_myisam values(1,"a") || mysql-bin.000017 | 307 | Query | 1 | 387 | COMMIT |+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec) binlog的相关参数max_binlog_size指定binlog文件的大小,如果当前binlog文件的大小达到了参数指定的阀值,则会创建一个新的binlog文件。注意:binlog文件的大小可能会超过max_binlog_size的值,因为一个事务所产生的所有事件都必须要记录在同一个binlog文件中,所以即使binlog文件的大小超过max_binlog_size的值,也会等到当前事务的所有操作全部写入到binlog文件中才能切换。 sql_log_bin会话变量,设置sql_log_bin=0表示禁用当前会话的binlog功能。sync_binlogMySQL 5.7.7之前,默认为0,即binlog文件在每次写入内容后并不会立即持久化到磁盘中,具体的持久化操作交给操作系统去处理。如果操作系统崩溃,可能导致对binlog的修改丢失。为了避免这种情况,可将sync_binlog设置为1,这样在每次事务提交时,该事务的操作写入到binlog后,都会调用fsync操作将binlog的修改同步到磁盘中。但这样会降低MySQL的性能,所以可将sync_binlog设置为N,代表N个事务后才执行一次fsync操作。实际上,在引入binlog group commit后,上述持久化的单位并不是事务了,而是一组事务。官档解释如下:Controls the number of binary log commit groups to collect before synchronizing the binary log to disk. When sync_binlog=0, the binary log is never synchronized to disk, and when sync_binlog is set to a value greater than 0 this number of binary log commit groups is periodically synchronized to disk. When sync_binlog=1, all transactions are synchronized to the binary log before they are committed.本文永久更新链接地址