MySQL 5.7 对JSON的支持

最近有个业务需要能够存储Json并做一些简单的业务逻辑处理。业务找到我说json的数据分析很难用mysql 5.6 ,这样的纯粹行存来处理难度很大，问我有没啥办法。我第一想到的是mongodb，第二想到的就是mysql 5.7 。然后一查，哎呀，已经GA了。众所周知的，mongodb的引擎层的稳定性一直是短板，而innodb经过10年的验证，已经是非常稳定的东西了。所以就在想，是不是可以试试mysql 5.7 ，简单尝试，发现mysql 5.7 + DRDS ，完全不带mongoDB玩啊。。。看看我的简单功能测试： create table json_test （ uid int auto_increment,data json,primary key（uid））engine=innodb; 建库mysql> insert into json_test values （NULL, "{"name":"name1","mobile":"15044447279","amount":400}"）;Query OK, 1 row affected （0.01 sec） mysql> insert into json_test values （NULL, "{"name":"name1","mobile":"15044447279","amount":300}"）;Query OK, 1 row affected （0.01 sec） mysql> insert into json_test values （NULL, "{"name":"name2","mobile":"15044447278","amount":300}"）;Query OK, 1 row affected （0.01 sec） mysql> insert into json_test values （NULL, "{"name":"name3","mobile":"15044447277","amount":300}"）;Query OK, 1 row affected （0.01 sec）插入四条语句mysql> select data from json_test;+-----------------------------------------------------------+| data |+-----------------------------------------------------------+| {"name": "name1", "amount": 400, "mobile": "15044447279"} || {"name": "name1", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447279"} || {"name": "name2", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447278"} || {"name": "name3", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447277"} |+-----------------------------------------------------------+查询这四条json语句mysql> select data->"$.name" as name ,sum（data->"$.amount"） from json_test group by name;+---------+-----------------------+| name | sum（data->"$.amount"） |+---------+-----------------------+| "name1" | 700 || "name2" | 300 || "name3" | 300 |+---------+-----------------------+做个group by sum 常见的统计操作 insert into json_test values （NULL, "{"mobile":"15044447277","amount":300}"）;插入一个不带name的数据，看看索引对空数据的兼容性情况。mysql> ALTER TABLE json_test ADD user_name varchar（128） GENERATED ALWAYS AS （json_extract（data,"$.name"）） VIRTUAL;Query OK, 0 rows affected （0.05 sec）Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> alter table json_test add index idx_username （user_name）;Query OK, 0 rows affected （0.04 sec）Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0创建虚拟列并建立索引mysql> select user_name,sum（data->"$.amount"） from json_test where user_name = ""name1"";+-----------+-----------------------+| user_name | sum（data->"$.amount"） |+-----------+-----------------------+| "name1" | 700 |+-----------+-----------------------+查看符合某个user_name的数据的sum。 mysql> explain select user_name,sum（data->"$.amount"） from json_test where user_name = ""name1"";+----+-------------+-----------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |+----+-------------+-----------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+| 1 | SIMPLE | json_test | NULL | ref | idx_username | idx_username | 131 | const | 2 | 100.00 | NULL |+----+-------------+-----------+------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+ 确认带索引数据走到了索引上 =========== 然后，这东西竟然还支持事务。。这个就牛逼大了。。 mysql> start transaction;Query OK, 0 rows affected （0.00 sec）开启事务mysql> select * from json_test;+-----+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+| uid | data | user_name |+-----+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+| 1 | {"name": "name1", "amount": 400, "mobile": "15044447279"} | "name1" || 2 | {"name": "name1", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447279"} | "name1" || 3 | {"name": "name2", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447278"} | "name2" || 4 | {"name": "name3", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447277"} | "name3" || 5 | {"amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447277"} | NULL || 6 | {"amount": "300", "name”:”name2”,”mobile": "15044447278"} | NULL |+-----+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+ 查看原表。 mysql> insert into json_test （uid,data） values （NULL, "{"name":"name1","mobile":"15044447279","amount":300}"）;Query OK, 1 row affected （0.00 sec）插入新数据mysql> select * from json_test; +-----+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+| uid | data | user_name |+-----+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+| 1 | {"name": "name1", "amount": 400, "mobile": "15044447279"} | "name1" || 2 | {"name": "name1", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447279"} | "name1" || 3 | {"name": "name2", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447278"} | "name2" || 4 | {"name": "name3", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447277"} | "name3" || 5 | {"amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447277"} | NULL || 6 | {"amount": "300", "name”:”name2”,”mobile": "15044447278"} | NULL || 7 | {"name": "name1", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447279"} | "name1" |+-----+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+7 rows in set （0.00 sec）确认新数据mysql> rollback;回滚数据mysql> select * from json_test;+-----+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+| uid | data | user_name |+-----+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+| 1 | {"name": "name1", "amount": 400, "mobile": "15044447279"} | "name1" || 2 | {"name": "name1", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447279"} | "name1" || 3 | {"name": "name2", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447278"} | "name2" || 4 | {"name": "name3", "amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447277"} | "name3" || 5 | {"amount": 300, "mobile": "15044447277"} | NULL || 6 | {"amount": "300", "name”:”name2”,”mobile": "15044447278"} | NULL |+-----+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+6 rows in set （0.00 sec）对mysql 5.7 好感度*2啊。。卧槽。猜测一下虚拟列的做法： ALTER TABLE json_test ADD user_name varchar（128） GENERATED ALWAYS AS （json_extract（data,"$.name"）） VIRTUAL;应该写入的时候做一个trigger 每个json都运算json_extract（data,"$.name"），然后写到一个新的不可修改的列里。这个就可以让原来的行存???文档有一个非常完美的结合，当业务变化大的时候，放到json里面，而当变化稳定下来，就迁移到行存里。完美。推荐！[译]JSON数据范式化（normalizr） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-02/128288.htmMySQL5.7 JSON类型使用介绍 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-11/125027.htm本文永久更新链接地址