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一、MySQL中如何表示当前时间?其实,表达方式还是蛮多的,汇总如下:CURRENT_TIMESTAMPCURRENT_TIMESTAMP()NOW()LOCALTIMELOCALTIME()LOCALTIMESTAMPLOCALTIMESTAMP()二、关于TIMESTAMP和DATETIME的比较一个完整的日期格式如下:YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS[.fraction],它可分为两部分:date部分和time部分,其中,date部分对应格式中的“YYYY-MM-DD”,time部分对应格式中的“HH:MM:SS[.fraction]”。对于date字段来说,它只支持date部分,如果插入了time部分的内容,它会丢弃掉该部分的内容,并提示一个warning。如下所示:mysql> create table test(id int,hiredate date);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into test values(1,"20151208000000");Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into test values(1,"20151208104400");Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)mysql> show warning;ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near "warning" at line 1mysql> select * from test;+------+------------+| id | hiredate |+------+------------+|1 | 2015-12-08 ||1 | 2015-12-08 |+------+------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)注:第一个没提示warning的原因在于它的time部分都是0TIMESTAMP和DATETIME的相同点:1> 两者都可用来表示YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS[.fraction]类型的日期。TIMESTAMP和DATETIME的不同点:1> 两者的存储方式不一样对于TIMESTAMP,它把客户端插入的时间从当前时区转化为UTC(世界标准时间)进行存储。查询时,将其又转化为客户端当前时区进行返回。而对于DATETIME,不做任何改变,基本上是原样输入和输出。下面,我们来验证一下首先创建两种测试表,一个使用timestamp格式,一个使用datetime格式。mysql> create table test(id int,hiredate timestamp);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into test values(1,"20151208000000");Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> create table test1(id int,hiredate datetime);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into test1 values(1,"20151208000000");Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from test;+------+---------------------+| id | hiredate|+------+---------------------+|1 | 2015-12-08 00:00:00 |+------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from test1;+------+---------------------+| id | hiredate|+------+---------------------+|1 | 2015-12-08 00:00:00 |+------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)两者输出是一样的。其次修改当前会话的时区 mysql> show variables like "%time_zone%"; +------------------+--------+| Variable_name| Value|+------------------+--------+| system_time_zone | CST|| time_zone| SYSTEM |+------------------+--------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> set time_zone="+0:00";Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from test;+------+---------------------+| id | hiredate|+------+---------------------+|1 | 2015-12-07 16:00:00 |+------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from test1;+------+---------------------+| id | hiredate|+------+---------------------+|1 | 2015-12-08 00:00:00 |+------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)上述“CST”指的是MySQL所在主机的系统时间,是中国标准时间的缩写,China Standard Time UT+8:00通过结果可以看出,test中返回的时间提前了8个小时,而test1中时间则不变。这充分验证了两者的区别。2> 两者所能存储的时间范围不一样timestamp所能存储的时间范围为:"1970-01-01 00:00:01.000000" 到 "2038-01-19 03:14:07.999999"。datetime所能存储的时间范围为:"1000-01-01 00:00:00.000000" 到 "9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999"。 总结:TIMESTAMP和DATETIME除了存储范围和存储方式不一样,没有太大区别。当然,对于跨时区的业务,TIMESTAMP更为合适。 三、关于TIMESTAMP和DATETIME的自动初始化和更新首先,我们先看一下下面的操作mysql> create table test(id int,hiredate timestamp);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into test(id) values(1);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from test;+------+---------------------+| id | hiredate|+------+---------------------+|1 | 2015-12-08 14:34:46 |+------+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show create table testG*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: testCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `test` (`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,`hiredate` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin11 row in set (0.00 sec)看起来是不是有点奇怪,我并没有对hiredate字段进行插入操作,它的值自动修改为当前值,而且在创建表的时候,我也并没有定义“show create table testG”结果中显示的“ DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP”。其实,这个特性是自动初始化和自动更新(Automatic Initialization and Updating)。自动初始化指的是如果对该字段(譬如上例中的hiredate字段)没有显性赋值,则自动设置为当前系统时间。自动更新指的是如果修改了其它字段,则该字段的值将自动更新为当前系统时间。它与“explicit_defaults_for_timestamp”参数有关。默认情况下,该参数的值为OFF,如下所示:mysql> show variables like "%explicit_defaults_for_timestamp%";+---------------------------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------------------------+-------+| explicit_defaults_for_timestamp | OFF |+---------------------------------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)下面我们看看官档的说明:By default, the first TIMESTAMP column has both DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP and ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP if neither is specified explicitly。很多时候,这并不是我们想要的,如何禁用呢?1. 将“explicit_defaults_for_timestamp”的值设置为ON。2. “explicit_defaults_for_timestamp”的值依旧是OFF,也有两种方法可以禁用     1> 用DEFAULT子句该该列指定一个默认值     2> 为该列指定NULL属性。如下所示:mysql> create table test1(id int,hiredate timestamp null);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show create table test1G*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: test1Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test1` (`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,`hiredate` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin11 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> create table test2(id int,hiredate timestamp default 0);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show create table test2G*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: test2Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test2` (`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,`hiredate` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT "0000-00-00 00:00:00") ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin11 row in set (0.00 sec)在MySQL 5.6.5版本之前,Automatic Initialization and Updating只适用于TIMESTAMP,而且一张表中,最多允许一个TIMESTAMP字段采用该特性。从MySQL 5.6.5开始,Automatic Initialization and Updating同时适用于TIMESTAMP和DATETIME,且不限制数量。参考:1. http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/datetime.html2. http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/timestamp-initialization.html本文永久更新链接地址