在线重定义[@more@]Oracle9i之前,表数据的整理是通过 alter table XXX move [tablespace XX]进行的。如果表非常大,IO又不快的时候,move的过程可能相当漫长,不能算是HA特性。因此在HA的在线维护中,基本不会利用move来重组大型表,而且move后的表需要重建索引。而在9i引入的dbms_redefinition。该过程的内部原理其实就是采用了MV的机制,类似在原表建立一个prebuilt的MV然后一直增量刷新到数据差别最小。Oracle在很小的停顿中,完成最后一点的增量同步,达到完全同步后,把原表与新表换个名字,由于换名操作仅仅是数据字典,所以最终切换时间非常短。--首先建立一个用来测试外键约束的表test_refedSQL> create table test_refed(id number primary key);Table created.SQL> insert into test_refed select rownum from dba_objects where rownum<10001;10000 rows created.SQL> commit;Commit complete.--创建我们准备修改表定义的表test,未分区SQL> create table test(id number,fid number);Table created.SQL> insert into test select rownum,rownum from dba_objects where rownum<1001;1000 rows created.SQL> commit;Commit complete.--添加主键约束以及外键约束,并在外键上建立索引SQL> alter table test add constraint pk_test primary key(id);Table altered.SQL> alter table test add constraint fk_test_refed_id foreign key(fid) references test_refed(id);Table altered.SQL> create index idx_test_fid on test(fid);Index created.--创建基于test表的触发器SQL> create trigger tr_test
2 before insert on test for each row
3 begin
4 null;
5 end;
6 /Trigger created.--准备工作:调用dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table来验证boylook.test是否可以在线重定义。一般情况没有主键等会报错。
SQL> begin
2 dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table("BOYLOOK","TEST");
3 end;
4 /PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.--创建需要重新定义的过渡表inter_test,这是一个分区表,以后将把原表所有数据在线转移到该表当中。注意到,该表比原表test还多一个字段cSQL> create table inter_test(id number,fid number,c number)
2 partition by range(id)
3 (partition p1 values less than(400),
4 partition p2 values less than(800),
5 partition p3 values less than(maxvalue));Table created.SQL> alter table inter_test add constraint pk_inter_test primary key(id);Table altered.--执行在线重定义
注:调用这个存储过程需要create/alter/drop/lock/select any table权限SQL> exec dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table("BOYLOOK","TEST","INTER_TEST","id id,fid fid,0 c");PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.--验证数据是否刷了过去
SQL> select count(*) from inter_test; COUNT(*)
----------
1000--继续对原表test进行操作
SQL> insert into test select rownum+1000,rownum+1000 from dba_objects where rownum <=24;24 rows created.SQL> commit;Commit complete.SQL> select count(*) from test; COUNT(*)
----------
1024SQL> select count(*) from inter_test; COUNT(*)
----------
1000--执行表同步
注:这一步不是必须的,但是对于比较大的表,中间运行增量同步有助于减少切换时间。SQL> exec dbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table("BOYLOOK","TEST","INTER_TEST");PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.--我们发现数据同步的过来
SQL> select count(*) from inter_test; COUNT(*)
----------
1024--将原表test的约束,索引,触发器迁移过来
注:这里最好要检查一下授权。检查test以前的权限,并给中间表inter_test赋予同样的权限。否则原表的权限不会转移到新表
SQL> alter table inter_test add constraint fk_inter_refed_id foreign key(fid) references test_refed(id);Table altered.SQL> create index idx_inter_test_fid on inter_test(fid);Index created.SQL> create or replace trigger tr_inter_test
2 before insert on inter_test for each row
3 begin
4 null;
5 end;
6 /Trigger created.--执行重定义完成的过程。Oracle完成了表test到表inter_test的换名工作,只是所有的约束,索引或触发器名称还是保持着原来表上面的名称SQL> exec dbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table("BOYLOOK","TEST","INTER_TEST");PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> desc test;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ID NOT NULL NUMBER
FID NUMBER
C NUMBERSQL> desc inter_test;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ID NOT NULL NUMBER
FID NUMBERSQL> select table_name,partition_name from user_tab_partitions where table_name ="TEST";TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
TEST P1
TEST P2
TEST P3SQL> select table_name,constraint_name,status from user_constraints where table_name in("TEST","INTER_TEST");TABLE_NAME CONSTRAINT_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------
INTER_TEST PK_TEST ENABLED
INTER_TEST FK_TEST_REFED_ID DISABLED
TEST PK_INTER_TEST ENABLED
TEST FK_INTER_REFED_ID ENABLEDSQL> select table_name,index_name from user_indexes where table_name in("TEST","INTER_TEST");TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
TEST PK_INTER_TEST
TEST IDX_INTER_TEST_FID
INTER_TEST PK_TEST
INTER_TEST IDX_TEST_FIDSQL> select table_name,trigger_name from user_triggers where table_name in("TEST","INTER_TEST");TABLE_NAME TRIGGER_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
TEST TR_INTER_TEST
INTER_TEST TR_TESTSQL> select * from test where rownum <=10; ID FID C
---------- ---------- ----------
1 1 0
2 2 0
3 3 0
4 4 0
5 5 0
6 6 0
7 7 0
8 8 0
9 9 0
10 10 010 rows selected.--删除过渡表了,收工。这时也可以考虑修改索引,约束触发器的名称与原来保持一致SQL> drop table inter_test cascade constraints purge;Table dropped.更多Oracle相关信息见Oracle 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=12本文永久更新链接地址