阅读导航 Data pump export/import（hereinafter referred to as Export/Import for ease of reading）是一种将元数据和数据导出到系统文件集/从系统文件集导入数据的服务端工具;导出的文件可以移动到其它服务器上,但只能使用impdp导入;使用前要先建立目录（directory）和授权:
conn / as sysdbaCREATE DIRECTORY PUMP_DIR AS "/u01/backup";创建后即可查询出目录信息,包括目录名称、所有者、目录位置:
SQL> column directory_path format a50SQL>select * from dba_directories where directory_name="PUMP_DIR";OWNERDIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------SYSPUMP_DIR /u01/backup删除已有的目录
drop directory pump_dir;向某些用户授权使用目录,可以授权read或write权限,或者两个权限同时授予:
grant read,write on directory pump_dir to frdc;撤销权限
revoke read,write on directory pump_dir from frdc;回到顶部
1导出数据
1.1基本说明
EXPDP USERID="sywu/sywu" job_name=export_tb parallel=3 tables=（tb01,tb02,tb03） dumpfile=pump_dir:dw_20150602.dmp logfile=pump_dir:exptb.log version="11.2.0.1.0" exclude=""userid 表示数据库连接信息,可以是as sysdba权限,非sysdba权限用户可以省略;
job_name 表示导出任务名,未指定默认格式为: SYS_EXPORT_TABLE _*;
parallel 表示并行数,默认为1;
tables 表示导出的表名,可以指定所有者owner.tab,导出分区表的某个分区owner.tab:part01;
dumpfile 表示导出的dump文件名,格式目录名:dump文件名,注:某些版本可能不兼容报错（ORA-39145）,可以把目录独立出来用directory参数指定（directory=pump_dir）;
version 表示导入目的地数据库版本,在非同一版本数据库之间导出导入数据这个比较重要;
exclude 表示导入排除的对象,DATABASE_EXPORT_OBJECTS表中记录所有的（数据库级别）排除模式,SCHEMA_EXPORT_OBJECTS表中记录schema级别排除对象模式,TABLE_EXPORT_OBJECTS表中记录table级别排除对象模式;
1.2带条件导出数据
有时候只想导出特定的数据,比如id=10或id in（10,20,30）,这种情况下可以用条件限定导出数据（注意字符转义）
expdp userid="ops$sywu/sywu" tables=tb01 query=tb01:"where object_id in（10,20,30）" dumpfile=query_tab.dump directory=pump_dir Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 17:09:24 2015Copyright （c） 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsStarting "OPS$SYWU"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":userid=ops$sywu/******** tables=tb01 query=tb01:"where object_id in（10,20,30）" dumpfile=query_tab.dump directory=pump_dir Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATATotal estimation using BLOCKS method: 88 MBProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS. . exported "OPS$SYWU"."TB01" 25.70 KB 192 rowsMaster table "OPS$SYWU"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for OPS$SYWU.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:/u01/backup/query_tab.dumpJob "OPS$SYWU"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 17:09:32或者通过rownum限定行的方式导出数据（注意字符转义）
expdp userid="ops$sywu/sywu" tables=tb01 query=tb01:"where rownum<10" dumpfile=query_tab.dump directory=pump_dir Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 17:14:28 2015Copyright （c） 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsStarting "OPS$SYWU"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":userid=ops$sywu/******** tables=tb01 query=tb01:"where rownum<10" dumpfile=query_tab.dump directory=pump_dir Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATATotal estimation using BLOCKS method: 88 MBProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS. . exported "OPS$SYWU"."TB01" 11.41 KB 9 rowsMaster table "OPS$SYWU"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for OPS$SYWU.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:/u01/backup/query_tab.dumpJob "OPS$SYWU"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 17:14:36有些情况下,为了满足测试要求,我们可能需要整库导出或整个schema下的数据导出,但又不需要所有数据,so 同样可以使用限定行数的方式限定所有表数据行导出数据
expdp userid="ops$sywu/sywu" SCHEMAS="ops$sywu" query="where rownum<10" dumpfile=schema_sywu.dump directory=pump_dirExport: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 17:18:34 2015Copyright （c） 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsStarting "OPS$SYWU"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":userid=ops$sywu/******** SCHEMAS=ops$sywu query="where rownum<10" dumpfile=schema_sywu.dump directory=pump_dir Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATATotal estimation using BLOCKS method: 104 MBProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPECProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPECProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODYProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS. . exported "OPS$SYWU"."TB01" 11.41 KB 9 rows. . exported "OPS$SYWU"."TB02" 6.015 KB 9 rows. . exported "OPS$SYWU"."T_EXCE" 5.820 KB 2 rowsMaster table "OPS$SYWU"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for OPS$SYWU.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:/u01/backup/schema_sywu.dumpJob "OPS$SYWU"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 17:18:55有些情况下,导出的数据需要通过网络或通过媒介传输到其它目的地,考虑媒介的大小和网络情况,每次只能限定传输,为了达到这个目的可以将数据导出到多个文件,然后再分批或独立发送;比如评估的数据大小是80M,我想把文件导出为4个文件,每个文件的大小为20M,so 我像这样导出数据:
expdp userid="ops$sywu/sywu" job_name=exporttb_bysize SCHEMAS="ops$sywu" filesize=20971520 dumpfile=size_each_sywu.dump,file02.dmp,file03.dmp,file04.dmp directory=pump_dir logfile=exportt01.logExport: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 18:03:03 2015Copyright （c） 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsStarting "OPS$SYWU"."EXPORTTB_BYSIZE":userid=ops$sywu/******** job_name=exporttb_bysize SCHEMAS=ops$sywu filesize=20971520 dumpfile=size_each_sywu.dump,file02.dmp,file03.dmp,file04.dmp directory=pump_dir logfile=exportt01.log Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATATotal estimation using BLOCKS method: 104 MBProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPECProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPECProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODYProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS. . exported "OPS$SYWU"."TB01" 74.64 MB844416 rows. . exported "OPS$SYWU"."TB02" 452.3 KB 13448 rows. . exported "OPS$SYWU"."T_EXCE" 5.820 KB 2 rowsMaster table "OPS$SYWU"."EXPORTTB_BYSIZE" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for OPS$SYWU.EXPORTTB_BYSIZE is:/u01/backup/size_each_sywu.dump/u01/backup/file02.dmp/u01/backup/file03.dmp/u01/backup/file04.dmpJob "OPS$SYWU"."EXPORTTB_BYSIZE" successfully completed at 18:03:24filesize 表示每个文件的大小,单位为:bytes
dumpfile 表示导出的4个dump文件名,如果实际导出数据大小大于指定的文件数据（dumpfile）乘以每个文件大小（filesize）之合,则导出停止并报错
ORA-39095: Dump file space has been exhausted: Unable to allocate 4096 bytes Job "OPS$SYWU"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_07" stopped due to fatal error at 17:57:31
有个地方要注意:在导出数据时,数据库会在导数用户下根据job_name名称创建一张表,比如job_name=exporttb_bysize,在导数过??中数据库创建一张名EXPORTTB_BYSIZE的表,该表记录了导数的信息,导数成功完成后自动删除,如果导数未成功,比如空间不足或实际大小大于指定大小,则job停止,该表不会自动删除。为了说明问题,我将filesize改为每个文件10m模拟错误发生,最后观察状态,然后解决错误;
expdp userid="ops$sywu/sywu" job_name=exporttb_bysize SCHEMAS="ops$sywu" filesize=10485760 dumpfile=size_each_sywu.dump,file02.dmp,file03.dmp,file04.dmp directory=pump_dir logfile=exportt01.logExport: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 18:21:07 2015Copyright （c） 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsStarting "OPS$SYWU"."EXPORTTB_BYSIZE":userid=ops$sywu/******** job_name=exporttb_bysize SCHEMAS=ops$sywu filesize=10485760 dumpfile=size_each_sywu.dump,file02.dmp,file03.dmp,file04.dmp directory=pump_dir logfile=exportt01.log Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATATotal estimation using BLOCKS method: 104 MBProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPECProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPECProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODYProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSORA-39095: Dump file space has been exhausted: Unable to allocate 4096 bytesJob "OPS$SYWU"."EXPORTTB_BYSIZE" stopped due to fatal error at 18:21:26指定文件大小乘以文件个数小于实际数据量大小,导出报错停止,仅仅是停止;
ls -lh /u01/backup-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle asmadmin 1.8K Jun2 17:18 export.log-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle asmadmin 1.5K Jun2 18:21 exportt01.log-rw-r-----. 1 oracle asmadmin10M Jun2 18:21 file02.dmp-rw-r-----. 1 oracle asmadmin10M Jun2 18:21 file03.dmp-rw-r-----. 1 oracle asmadmin10M Jun2 18:21 file04.dmp-rw-r-----. 1 oracle asmadmin10M Jun2 18:21 size_each_sywu.dump此时查看数据库,发现一张于job_name名称相同的表EXPORTTB_BYSIZE,表中记录了导数时的信息;查询job的状态为:NOT RUNING;
select * from tab;TNAMETABTYPECLUSTERID------------------------------ ------- ----------EXPORTTB_BYSIZETABLETB01 TABLETB02 TABLET_EXCE TABLEselect job_name,state from dba_datapump_jobs;JOB_NAME STATE------------------------------ ------------------------------EXPORTTB_BYSIZENOT RUNNING继续完成导数可以通过添加dump文件或使用系统默认的文件
expdp userid="ops$sywu/sywu" attach=EXPORTTB_BYSIZEExport: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 22:28:37 2015Copyright （c） 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsJob: EXPORTTB_BYSIZEOwner: OPS$SYWU Operation: EXPORT Creator Privs: FALSEGUID: 178798A215814641E053FE1813ACD41CStart Time: Tuesday, 02 June, 2015 22:28:38Mode: SCHEMA Instance: sydbMax Parallelism: 1EXPORT Job Parameters:Parameter NameParameter Value: CLIENT_COMMANDuserid=ops$sywu/******** job_name=exporttb_bysize SCHEMAS=ops$sywu filesize=10485760 dumpfile=size_each_sywu.dump,file02.dmp,file03.dmp,file04.dmp directory=pump_dir logfile=exportt01.log State: IDLING Bytes Processed: 0Current Parallelism: 1Job Error Count: 0Dump File: /u01/backup/size_each_sywu.dumpsize: 10,485,760bytes written: 10,485,760Dump File: /u01/backup/file02.dmpsize: 10,485,760bytes written: 10,485,760Dump File: /u01/backup/file03.dmpsize: 10,485,760bytes written: 10,485,760Dump File: /u01/backup/file04.dmpsize: 10,485,760bytes written: 10,485,760Worker 1 Status:Process Name: DW00State: UNDEFINEDObject Schema: OPS$SYWUObject Name: TB01Object Type: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATACompleted Objects: 1Total Objects: 3Completed Bytes: 41,844,736Percent Done: 45Worker Parallelism: 1Export> add_file=file05.dmpExport> start_job开始任务后,导数继续执行
select job_name,state from dba_datapump_jobs;JOB_NAME STATE------------------------------ ------------------------------EXPORTTB_BYSIZEEXECUTINGselect job_name,state from dba_datapump_jobs;JOB_NAME STATE------------------------------ ------------------------------EXPORTTB_BYSIZECOMPLETING在添加dump file（add_file）时,添加的文件最终大小取决于添加了多少dump file,在上例中仅添加了一个file05.dmp,so 剩余的数据量将全部归纳到该文件中;如果未添加文件oracle会自己分配和创建一个dump文件;
[oracle@sywu backup]$ ls -ltrh-rw-r-----. 1 oracle asmadmin10M Jun2 22:30 file02.dmp-rw-r-----. 1 oracle asmadmin10M Jun2 22:30 file03.dmp-rw-r-----. 1 oracle asmadmin10M Jun2 22:30 file04.dmp-rw-r-----. 1 oracle asmadmin10M Jun2 22:30 size_each_sywu.dump-rw-r-----. 1 oracle asmadmin36M Jun2 22:30 file05.dmp-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle asmadmin 2.4K Jun2 22:30 exportt01.log[oracle@sywu backup]$ cat exportt01.log Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Jun 2 18:42:17 2015Copyright （c） 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.;;; Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsStarting "OPS$SYWU"."EXPORTTB_BYSIZE":userid=ops$sywu/******** job_name=exporttb_bysize SCHEMAS=ops$sywu filesize=10485760 dumpfile=size_each_sywu.dump,file02.dmp,file03.dmp,file04.dmp directory=pump_dir logfile=exportt01.log Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATATotal estimation using BLOCKS method: 104 MBProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPECProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPECProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODYProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSORA-39095: Dump file space has been exhausted: Unable to allocate 4096 bytesJob "OPS$SYWU"."EXPORTTB_BYSIZE" stopped due to fatal error at 18:42:36Job EXPORTTB_BYSIZE has been reopened at Tuesday, 02 June, 2015 22:28 Restarting "OPS$SYWU"."EXPORTTB_BYSIZE":userid=ops$sywu/******** job_name=exporttb_bysize SCHEMAS=ops$sywu filesize=10485760 dumpfile=size_each_sywu.dump,file02.dmp,file03.dmp,file04.dmp directory=pump_dir logfile=exportt01.log . . exported "OPS$SYWU"."TB01" 74.64 MB844416 rows. . exported "OPS$SYWU"."TB02" 452.3 KB 13448 rows. . exported "OPS$SYWU"."T_EXCE" 5.820 KB 2 rowsMaster table "OPS$SYWU"."EXPORTTB_BYSIZE" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for OPS$SYWU.EXPORTTB_BYSIZE is:/u01/backup/size_each_sywu.dump/u01/backup/file02.dmp/u01/backup/file03.dmp/u01/backup/file04.dmp/u01/backup/file05.dmpJob "OPS$SYWU"."EXPORTTB_BYSIZE" completed with 1 error（s） at 22:30:381.3导出某个schema下的数据
对于导出schema下的数据,建议使用sysdba用户导出,因为随着系统的复杂和环境不一,某些时候依赖的包、对象、存储过程可能是属于另一个用户的,导出时被导出schema未必具有完全的权限,同时还要考虑导入的目的地环境;当然万事没有绝对,完全取决于应用;
expdp userid="sys/oracle as sysdba" job_name=export_schema SCHEMAS="ops$sywu"directory=pump_dir dumpfile=schema_sywu.dmp logfile=schema_sywu.log1.4整库导出
整库导出必须使用sysdba权限;
expdp userid="sys/oracle as sysdba" job_name=export_schema FULL=Ydirectory=pump_dir dumpfile=full_dbexport.dmp logfile=full_dbexport.log1.5查询导数job状态
column username format a10 column opname format a20 column units format a10 selectround（sofar/totalwork*100,2）percent_completed,t.sid,t.SERIAL#,t.USERNAME,t.OPNAME,t.TOTALWORK,t.UNITS,t.START_TIME,t.MESSAGE fromv$session_longopst wheresofar <> totalwork order by target,sid;PERCENT_COMPLETEDSIDSERIAL# USERNAME OPNAMETOTALWORK UNITSSTART_TIME MESSAGE----------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------70.8812817213 FRDC Table Scan2533381 Blocks 02-6月 -15 Table Scan:FRDC.H_BASE_MAIN05_T: 1795601 out of 2533381 Blocks done12.5812817213 FRDC Table Scan2533381 Blocks 02-6月 -15 Table Scan:FRDC.H_BASE_MAIN05_T: 318705 out of 2533381 Blocks done70.7412817213 FRDC Table Scan2533381 Blocks 02-6月 -15 Table Scan:FRDC.H_BASE_MAIN05_T: 1792046 out of 2533381 Blocks done29.06457701 FRDC Index Fast Full Scan 2127 Blocks 13-5月 -15 Index Fast Full Scan:FRDC.O_BASE_DW: 618 out of 2127 Blocks done05280 SYSRowid Range Scan 4294967296 Blocks 02-6月 -15 Rowid Range Scan:FRDC.O_BASE_DW_T: 22055 out of 0 Blocks done042754951 FRDC EXPORT_TB7900 MB 02-6月 -15 EXPORT_TB: EXPORT : 0 out of 7900 MB done回到顶部
2数据导入
2.1基本语法
$ impdp userid="uname/pwd" directory=pump_dir dumpfile=file01.dmp job_name="" log_file=""remap_schema="scott:sywu" remap_table="tb01:tb02" remap_tablespace="tbs01:ts01" tables="" schemas="" table_exists_action="" tablespaces="" exclude="" sqlfile=""上面有的参数这里就不重复了,因为dump方式导出数据使用了xml格式,所以导入时很容易实现对象重新定义操作,这里主要说几个经常使用的参数:
remap_schema 表示重新定义schema,将旧的schema定义为新的schema,格式old:new,old:new....;
remap_table 表示重新定义表名,格式oldtbname:newtbname,....;
remap_tablespace 表示重新定义表空间名,格式old:new....;
tables 表示要导入的表名,如果未指定则导入dumpfile里的所有表;
schemas 表示要导入的schema对象,如果未指定并且操作用户有权限则导入dumpfile里的所有schema;
table_exists_action 表示当导入表时如果表已经存在时的操作,参数值可以为:append（追加）、replace（替换数据库中存在的）、truncate（删除已经存在的数据,导入dumpfile里面的数据）、skip（不做任何操作）;
tablespaces 表示导入的表空间名;
exclude 表示导入排除的对象,DATABASE_EXPORT_OBJECTS表中记录所有的（数据库级别）排除模式,SCHEMA_EXPORT_OBJECTS表中记录schema级别排除对象模式,TABLE_EXPORT_OBJECTS表中记录table级别排除对象模式;
sqlfile 表示不导入数据仅生成导数ddl语句记录在该文件中;
2.2导入数据
导入数据时要确认导入的用户是否存在,是否有权限访问表空间、是否具有读写directory的权限;
$ impdp userid="ops$sywu/sywu" schemas="ops$sywu" directory=pump_dir job_name=import_opssywu dumpfile=export_opssywu.dmpImport: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Jun 6 13:39:43 2015Copyright （c） 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsMaster table "OPS$SYWU"."IMPORT_OPSSYWU" successfully loaded/unloadedStarting "OPS$SYWU"."IMPORT_OPSSYWU":userid=ops$sywu/******** schemas=ops$sywu directory=pump_dir job_name=import_opssywu dumpfile=export_opssywu.dmp Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA. . imported "OPS$SYWU"."TB01" 74.64 MB844416 rows. . imported "OPS$SYWU"."TB02" 452.3 KB 13448 rows. . imported "OPS$SYWU"."T_EXCE" 5.820 KB 2 rowsProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPECProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPECProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODYProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSJob "OPS$SYWU"."IMPORT_OPSSYWU" successfully completed at 13:39:55导入数据时重定义schema和tablespaces,重定义schema建议使用sysdba权限导入数据:
create tablespace tbs02 datafile "/u01/oradata/sydb/tbs02.dbf" size 10m autoextend on uniform size 4m;create user sywu identified by sywu default tablespace tbs02 quota unlimited on tbs02;grant create session,resource to sywu;grant read,write on directory pump_dir to sywu;exit;$ impdp userid=""sys/oracle as sysdba"" remap_schema="ops$sywu:sywu" remap_tablespace=tbs01:tbs02 directory=pump_dir job_name=import_opssywu dumpfile=export_opssywu.dmpImport: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Jun 6 13:51:48 2015Copyright （c） 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsMaster table "SYS"."IMPORT_OPSSYWU" successfully loaded/unloadedStarting "SYS"."IMPORT_OPSSYWU":userid="sys/******** AS SYSDBA" remap_schema=ops$sywu:sywu remap_tablespace=tbs01:tbs02 directory=pump_dir job_name=import_opssywu dumpfile=export_opssywu.dmp Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA. . imported "SYWU"."TB01" 74.64 MB844416 rows. . imported "SYWU"."TB02" 452.3 KB 13448 rows. . imported "SYWU"."T_EXCE" 5.820 KB 2 rowsProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPECProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/COMPILE_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC/ALTER_PACKAGE_SPECProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODYProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSJob "SYS"."IMPORT_OPSSYWU" successfully completed at 13:52:08其它还有限定行数的操作,操作类似上面导出操作;更多Oracle相关信息见Oracle 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx？tid=12
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