Linux内核版本:2.6.14glibc版本:2.3.6CPU平台:armprintf的输出不一定是串口,也可以是LCD,甚至是文件等,这里仅以输出到串口为例。本文分析了printf和文件描述符0、1和2以及stdout、stdin和stderr的关系,通过这篇文章可以知道文件描述符0、1和2为什么对应着stdout、stdin和stderr,因为glibc就是这么定义的!!!首先看glibc中printf函数的定义(glibc-2.3.6/stdio-common/printf.c):#undef printf/* Write formatted output to stdout from the format string FORMAT. */ /* VARARGS1 */ int printf (const char *format, ...) { va_list arg; int done; va_start (arg, format); done = vfprintf (stdout, format, arg);//主要是这个函数 va_end (arg); return done; }#undef _IO_printf /* This is for libg++. */ strong_alias (printf, _IO_printf);strong_alias,即取别名。网上有人提及这个strong alias好像是为了防止c库符号被其他库符号覆盖掉而使用的,如果printf被覆盖了,还有_IO_printf可以用。跟踪vfprintf函数(),我们先给出该函数的声明,如下(glibc-2.3.6/libio/stdio.h):extern int vfprintf (FILE *__restrict __s, __const char *__restrict __format, _G_va_list __arg);printf函数是通过vfprintf将format输出到stdout文件中,stdout是(FILE *)类型。stdout的定义如下(glibc-2.3.6/libio/stdio.h),顺被也给出stdin和stderr的定义:/* Standard streams. */ extern struct _IO_FILE *stdin; /* Standard input stream. */ extern struct _IO_FILE *stdout; /* Standard output stream. */ extern struct _IO_FILE *stderr; /* Standard error output stream. */ /* C89/C99 say they"re macros. Make them happy. */ #define stdin stdin #define stdout stdout #define stderr stderr继续跟踪stdout(glibc-2.3.6/libio/stdio.c):_IO_FILE *stdin = (FILE *) &_IO_2_1_stdin_; _IO_FILE *stdout = (FILE *) &_IO_2_1_stdout_; _IO_FILE *stderr = (FILE *) &_IO_2_1_stderr_;在继续分析_IO_2_1_stdout_之前,我们先看一下_IO_FILE(FILE和_IO_FILE是一回事,#define FILE _IO_FILE)的定义(glibc-2.3.6/libio/libio.h):struct _IO_FILE { int _flags; /* High-order word is _IO_MAGIC; rest is flags. */ #define _IO_file_flags _flags /* The following pointers correspond to the C++ streambuf protocol. */ /* Note: Tk uses the _IO_read_ptr and _IO_read_end fields directly. */ char* _IO_read_ptr; /* Current read pointer */ char* _IO_read_end; /* End of get area. */ char* _IO_read_base; /* Start of putback+get area. */ char* _IO_write_base; /* Start of put area. */ char* _IO_write_ptr; /* Current put pointer. */ char* _IO_write_end; /* End of put area. */ char* _IO_buf_base; /* Start of reserve area. */ char* _IO_buf_end; /* End of reserve area. */ /* The following fields are used to support backing up and undo. */ char *_IO_save_base; /* Pointer to start of non-current get area. */ char *_IO_backup_base; /* Pointer to first valid character of backup area */ char *_IO_save_end; /* Pointer to end of non-current get area. */ struct _IO_marker *_markers; struct _IO_FILE *_chain; int _fileno;//这个就是linux内核中文件描述符fd #if 0 int _blksize; #else int _flags2; #endif _IO_off_t _old_offset; /* This used to be _offset but it"s too small. */#define __HAVE_COLUMN /* temporary */ /* 1+column number of pbase(); 0 is unknown. */ unsigned short _cur_column; signed char _vtable_offset; char _shortbuf[1]; /* char* _save_gptr; char* _save_egptr; */ _IO_lock_t *_lock; #ifdef _IO_USE_OLD_IO_FILE }; struct _IO_FILE_plus { _IO_FILE file; const struct _IO_jump_t *vtable;//IO函数跳转表 };Glibc 的详细介绍:请点这里 Glibc 的下载地址:请点这里