CFQ,即Completely Fair Queueing绝对公平调度器,力图为竞争块设备使用权的所有进程分配一个等同的时间片,在调度器分配给进程的时间片内,进程可以将其读写请求发送给底层块设备,当进程的时间片消耗完,进程的请求队列将被挂起,等待调度。相对于Noop和Deadline调度器,CFQ要复杂得多,因此可能要分几次才能将其分析完。相关阅读:Linux I/O Scheduler--CFQ(下) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-12/76349.htm优先级每个进程都会有一个IO优先级,CFQ调度器将会将其作为考虑的因素之一,来确定该进程的请求队列何时可以获取块设备的使用权。IO优先级从高到低可以分为三大类:RT(real time),BE(best try),IDLE(idle),其中RT和BE又可以再划分为8个子优先级。实际上,我们已经知道CFQ调度器的公平是针对于进程而言的,而只有同步请求(read或syn write)才是针对进程而存在的,他们会放入进程自身的请求队列,而所有同优先级的异步请求,无论来自于哪个进程,都会被放入公共的队列,异步请求的队列总共有8(RT)+8(BE)+1(IDLE)=17个。调度器的结构CFQ调度器在整个工作过程中所涉及到的结构比较多,我们可以把这些结构分为两类,一类是用来描述调度器本身相关的结构,由于CFQ将进程作为考虑对象,因此另一类结构就是特定于进程的结构,对于这些结构,我们只选择其内部的重要元素进行分析。和调度器相关的数据结构主要有两个,一个是描述调度器的struct cfq_data,一个是描述队列的struct cfq_queue。struct cfq_data { struct request_queue *queue; /* * rr list of queues with requests and the count of them */ struct cfq_rb_root service_tree; /* * Each priority tree is sorted by next_request position. These * trees are used when determining if two or more queues are * interleaving requests (see cfq_close_cooperator). */ struct rb_root prio_trees[CFQ_PRIO_LISTS]; unsigned int busy_queues; int rq_in_driver[2]; int sync_flight; /* * queue-depth detection */ int rq_queued; int hw_tag; int hw_tag_samples; int rq_in_driver_peak; /* * idle window management */ struct timer_list idle_slice_timer; struct work_struct unplug_work; struct cfq_queue *active_queue; struct cfq_io_context *active_cic; /* * async queue for each priority case */ struct cfq_queue *async_cfqq[2][IOPRIO_BE_NR]; struct cfq_queue *async_idle_cfqq; sector_t last_position; /* * tunables, see top of file */ unsigned int cfq_quantum; unsigned int cfq_fifo_expire[2]; unsigned int cfq_back_penalty; unsigned int cfq_back_max; unsigned int cfq_slice[2]; unsigned int cfq_slice_async_rq; unsigned int cfq_slice_idle; unsigned int cfq_latency; struct list_head cic_list; /* * Fallback dummy cfqq for extreme OOM conditions */ struct cfq_queue oom_cfqq; unsigned long last_end_sync_rq; };