Oracle 10g下ocr和votedisk的管理

ocr和votedisk是什么？作为集群，Oracle cluster需要共享存储来存放整个集群的配置信息，ocr便是用例存放这些配置信息的地方，ocr的存储容量一般不会太大，在10g下，oracle建议256M已经足以。ocr必须需要存储在集群文件系统或者裸设备上，出于性能上的考虑，本人建议将ocr建立在裸设备上，性能高并且管理也不复杂（ocr和votedisk的数量一般不会太多）。ocr中存放的是集群的配置信息，这些信息只能在一个节点上进行维护操作，这一节点叫做Master Node，其他节点会在内存中保留一份ocr的复制，并且只能进行读操作，所有ocr的更新都是有master node来执行并通知各个节点的。votedisk磁盘存储集中地各个节点并用来进行心跳监测 ocr和votedisk的维护是否需要保持脱机状态？orc的维护在大多数情况下，是需要联机操作的，因为在各个节点具有ocr.loc文件，联机操作可以保证各个节点的ocr.loc文件及时得到更新。但是部分操作，如repaire和重建等操作需要在脱机状态下进行（后面会详细描述）votedisk磁盘的维护往往需要在脱机状态下进行Oracle 11g 在RedHat Linux 5.8_x64平台的安装手册 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-07/104745.htmLinux-6-64下安装Oracle 12C笔记 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/86805.htm在CentOS 6.4下安装Oracle 11gR2（x64） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-02/97374.htmOracle 11gR2 在VMWare虚拟机中安装步骤 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89579p2.htmDebian 下安装 Oracle 11g XE R2 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-03/98881.htmocr维护的命令有哪些？维护ocr常用的命令有：ocrcheck[root@node1 bin]# ./ocrcheck -h
Name:
ocrcheck - Displays health of Oracle Cluster Registry.Synopsis:
ocrcheckDescription:
prompt> ocrcheck
Displays current usage, location and health of the cluster registryNotes:
A log file will be created in
$ORACLE_HOME/log/<hostname>/client/ocrcheck_<pid>.log. Please ensure
you have file creation privileges in the above directory before
running this tool.ocrdump（dump出来的内容可以用来查看ocr中的内容，但是不可以用来进行恢复）[root@node1 bin]# ./ocrdump -h
Name:
ocrdump - Dump contents of Oracle Cluster Registry to a file.Synopsis:
ocrdump [<filename>|-stdout] [-backupfile <backupfilename>] [-keyname <keyname>] [-xml] [-noheader]Description:
Default filename is OCRDUMPFILE. Examples are: prompt> ocrdump
writes cluster registry contents to OCRDUMPFILE in the current directory prompt> ocrdump MYFILE
writes cluster registry contents to MYFILE in the current directory prompt> ocrdump -stdout -keyname SYSTEM
writes the subtree of SYSTEM in the cluster registry to stdout prompt> ocrdump -stdout -xml
writes cluster registry contents to stdout in xml formatNotes:
The header information will be retrieved based on best effort basis.
A log file will be created in
$ORACLE_HOME/log/<hostname>/client/ocrdump_<pid>.log. Make sure
you have file creation privileges in the above directory before
running this tool.ocrconfig[root@node1 bin]# ./ocrconfig -h
Name:
ocrconfig - Configuration tool for Oracle Cluster Registry.Synopsis:
ocrconfig [option]
option:
-export <filename> [-s online]
- Export cluster register contents to a file
-import <filename> - Import cluster registry contents from a file
-upgrade [<user> [<group>]]
- Upgrade cluster registry from previous version
-downgrade [-version <version string>]
- Downgrade cluster registry to the specified version
-backuploc <dirname> - Configure periodic backup location
-showbackup - Show backup information
-restore <filename> - Restore from physical backup
-replace ocr|ocrmirror [<filename>] - Add/replace/remove a OCR device/file
-overwrite - Overwrite OCR configuration on disk
-repair ocr|ocrmirror <filename> - Repair local OCR configuration
-help - Print out this help informationNote:
A log file will be created in
$ORACLE_HOME/log/<hostname>/client/ocrconfig_<pid>.log. Please ensure
you have file creation privileges in the above directory before
running this tool.Table D-1 The ocrconfig Command Options

Option	Purpose
`-backuploc`	To change an OCR backup file location. For this entry, use a full path that is accessible by all of the nodes.
`-downgrade`	To downgrade an OCR to an earlier version.
`-export`	To export the contents of an OCR into a target file.
`-help`	To display help for the `ocrconfig` commands.
`-import`	To import the OCR contents from a previously exported OCR file.
`-overwrite`	To update an OCR configuration that is recorded on the OCR with the current OCR configuration information that is found on the node from which you are running this command.
`-repair`	To update an OCR configuration on the node from which you are running this command with the new configuration information specified by this command.
`-replace`	To add, replace, or remove an OCR location.
`-restore`	To restore an OCR from an automatically created OCR backup file.
`-showbackup`	To display the location, timestamp, and the originating node name of the backup files that Oracle created in the past 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, and in the last day and week. You do not have to be the `root` user to execute the `-showbackup` option.
`-upgrade`	To upgrade an OCR to a later version.

ocr损坏后怎么恢复？ocr损坏后通常有两种方式进行修正：恢复和重建。恢复的时候，我们可以从之前export导出的文件恢复，也可以从之前有masternode备份的文件进行恢复。[root@node1 bin]# ./crs_stat -t -v
Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
httpd_vip application 0/1 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
httpd_web application 0/1 0/4 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora....SM1.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....E1.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....SM2.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora....E2.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.racdb.db application 0/0 0/1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora....b1.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....b2.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
[root@node1 bin]# ./ocrconfig -export a.ocr （导出时最好是关闭crs）
[root@node1 bin]# ./crs_stop httpd_web
Attempting to stop `httpd_web` on member `node2`
Stop of `httpd_web` on member `node2` succeeded.
[root@node1 bin]# ./crs_stop httpd_vip
Attempting to stop `httpd_vip` on member `node2`
Stop of `httpd_vip` on member `node2` succeeded.
[root@node1 bin]# ./crs_stat -t -v
Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
httpd_vip application 0/1 0/0 OFFLINE OFFLINE
httpd_web application 0/1 0/4 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....SM1.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....E1.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....SM2.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora....E2.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.racdb.db application 0/0 0/1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora....b1.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....b2.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
[root@node1 bin]# ./crs_unregister httpd_web
[root@node1 bin]# ./crs_unregister httpd_vip
[root@node1 bin]# ./crs_stat -t -v
Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora....SM1.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....E1.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....SM2.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora....E2.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.racdb.db application 0/0 0/1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora....b1.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....b2.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
[root@node1 bin]# ssh node2 /u01/app/crs_home/bin/crs_stat -t -v
root@node2"s password:
Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora....SM1.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....E1.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....SM2.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora....E2.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.racdb.db application 0/0 0/1 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora....b1.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....b2.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
[root@node1 bin]# ./corconfig -import a.ocr
-bash: ./corconfig: No such file or directory
<strong>[root@node1 bin]# ./ocrconfig -import a.ocr
PROT-19: Cannot proceed while clusterware is running. Shutdown clusterware first（<span style="background-color: rgb（255, 0, 0）;">在导入ocr是集群必须要关闭</span>）</strong>
[root@node1 bin]# ./crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources. This could take several minutes.
Successfully stopped CRS resources.
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
[root@node1 bin]# ssh node2 /u01/app/crs_home/bin/crsctl stop crs
root@node2"s password:
Stopping resources. This could take several minutes.
Successfully stopped CRS resources.
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
[root@node1 bin]# ./ocrconfig -import a.ocr
[root@node1 bin]# ./crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
[root@node1 bin]# ssh node2 /u01/app/crs_home/bin/crsctl start crs
root@node2"s password:
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
[root@node1 bin]# ./crs_stat -t -v
Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
httpd_vip application 0/1 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
httpd_web application 1/1 0/4 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....SM1.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE OFFLINE
ora....E1.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora.node1.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node1
ora....SM2.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora....E2.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.gsd application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.node2.vip application 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE node2
ora.racdb.db application 0/0 0/1 ONLINE OFFLINE
ora....b1.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE OFFLINE
ora....b2.inst application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE OFFLINE下面是由restore来恢复ocr[root@node1 crs]# ll -h /u01/app/crs_home/bin/a.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 93K Aug 1 16:06 /u01/app/crs_home/bin/a.ocr
[root@node1 crs]# ll -h
total 25M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.4M Jul 31 12:36 35521234
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle root 3.5M Jul 22 14:04 backup00.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle root 3.5M Jul 10 14:04 backup01.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle root 3.5M Jul 9 14:00 backup02.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle root 3.5M Jul 22 14:04 day.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle root 85K Jul 24 15:27 ocr.exp
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle root 3.5M Jul 10 14:04 week_.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle root 3.5M Jul 3 14:15 week.ocr
[root@node1 crs]# ocrconfig -restore /u01/app/crs_home/bin/a.ocr
PROT-22: Storage too small
[root@node1 crs]# ocrconfig -restore /u01/app/crs_home/cdata/crs/backup00.ocr
PROT-19: Cannot proceed while clusterware is running. Shutdown clusterware first说明：export导出的文件只能是由import导入，restore时，cluster也必须全部离线具体的操作过程这里不再演示，更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容： http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-08/105645p2.htm

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