1、内核链表的定义在include/linux/list.h struct list_head { struct list_head *next, *prev; }; 容易看出,Linux内核链表为双向链表。 2、Linux链表与普通链表区别 我们通常定义的链表是在链表节点中嵌入元素,比如 struct MyList { int StudentID; /* 被嵌入的元素 */ struct MyList *prev; struct MyList *next; } 而LInux为了移植方便性和通用性,在元素结构体中嵌入链表节点 strcut MyList { int StudentID; struct list_head head; /* 链表节点作为结构体元素 */ } 3、Linux内核链表中提供的操作链表函数 (1)初始化static inline void INIT_LIST_HEAD(struct list_head *list) { list->next = list; /* 下一个节点指向自己 */ list->prev = list; /* 前一个节点指向自己 */ } (2)添加链表节点/** * list_add - add a new entry * @new: new entry to be added * @head: list head to add it after * * Insert a new entry after the specified head. * This is good for implementing stacks. */ static inline void list_add(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *head) { __list_add(new, head, head->next); /* 节点插入到head和head->next之间 */ } 而__list_add函数如下 static inline void __list_add(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *prev, struct list_head *next) { next->prev = new; new->next = next; new->prev = prev; prev->next = new; } (3)删除节点 方法一: /** * list_del - deletes entry from list. * @entry: the element to delete from the list. * Note: list_empty() on entry does not return true after this, the entry is * in an undefined state. */ static inline void list_del(struct list_head *entry) { __list_del(entry->prev, entry->next); entry->next = (void *)0xDEADBEEF; /* 将指针指向2个不可访问的位置 */ entry->prev = (void *)0xBEEFDEAD; } 其中调用的__list_del函数如下, static inline void __list_del(struct list_head *prev, struct list_head *next) { next->prev = prev; /* */ prev->next = next; } 注意list_del函数中的最后两条语句,类似于free()的作用。 当用户打算访问地址0xDEADBEEF或0xBEEFDEAD时,将产生页中断。方法二: 为了更安全的删除节点,可使用list_del_init /** * list_del_init - deletes entry from list and reinitialize it. * @entry: the element to delete from the list. */ static inline void list_del_init(struct list_head *entry) { __list_del(entry->prev, entry->next); INIT_LIST_HEAD(entry); } (4)提取结构的数据信息 按通常的方式使用链表很容易获取数据信息, 但使用Linux内核链表要访问数据则比较困难, 关键是如何求取链表节点地址和数据地址的偏移量。 注意list_entry传递的参数!type指传递的是类型,不是变量。 /** * list_entry - get the struct for this entry * @ptr: the &struct list_head pointer. * @type: the type of the struct this is embedded in. * @member: the name of the list_struct within the struct. */ #define list_entry(ptr, type, member) container_of(ptr, type, member) container_of定义在include/linux/kernel.h中, /** * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure * @ptr: the pointer to the member. * @type: the type of the container struct this is embedded in. * @member: the name of the member within the struct. * */ #define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ const typeof(((type *)0)->member) * __mptr = (ptr); (type *)((char *)__mptr - offsetof(type, member)); }) 而其中, [a]#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER) [b]typeof()是gcc的扩展,和sizeof()类似