RMAN深入解析之--BlockRecover恢复坏块

案例环境：操作系统：RedHat EL5Oracle： Oracle 11gR2案例描述：通过块介质恢复（Block Media Recover:BMR）执行块级别的恢复操作来修复Oracle数据库上的逻辑或物理上损坏的数据块。1、模拟数据块被破坏10:26:48 SYS@ prod>conn scott/tigerConnected.10:26:51 SCOTT@ prod>select * from tab;TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID------------------------------ ------- ----------BONUS TABLEDEPT TABLEEMP TABLEEMP1 TABLESALGRADE TABLEElapsed: 00:00:00.1010:26:55 SCOTT@ prod>10:27:37 SYS@ prod>desc dba_segments Name Null？ Type ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- ------------- OWNER VARCHAR2（30） SEGMENT_NAME VARCHAR2（81） PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR2（30） SEGMENT_TYPE VARCHAR2（18） SEGMENT_SUBTYPE VARCHAR2（10） TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2（30） HEADER_FILE NUMBER HEADER_BLOCK NUMBER BYTES NUMBER BLOCKS NUMBER EXTENTS NUMBER INITIAL_EXTENT NUMBER NEXT_EXTENT NUMBER MIN_EXTENTS NUMBER MAX_EXTENTS NUMBER MAX_SIZE NUMBER RETENTION VARCHAR2（7） MINRETENTION NUMBER PCT_INCREASE NUMBER FREELISTS NUMBER FREELIST_GROUPS NUMBER RELATIVE_FNO NUMBER BUFFER_POOL VARCHAR2（7） FLASH_CACHE VARCHAR2（7） CELL_FLASH_CACHE VARCHAR2（7）10:27:41 SYS@ prod>col segment_name for a20 10:27:59 SYS@ prod>select owner,segment_name,SEGMENT_TYPE,HEADER_BLOCK from dba_segments 10:29:06 2 where owner="SCOTT" and segment_name="EMP1";OWNER SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE HEADER_BLOCK------------------------------ -------------------- ------------------ ------------SCOTT EMP1 TABLE 170
通过以上查询，可以知道EMP1 table的segment header block为170；利用Uedit32，打开数据文件（users01.dbf）进行编辑破坏！--------------------------------------------------------------------------------RMAN 配置归档日志删除策略 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-11/92670.htmOracle基础教程之通过RMAN复制数据库 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87072.htmRMAN备份策略制定参考内容 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81695.htmRMAN备份学习笔记 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81892.htmOracle数据库备份加密 RMAN加密 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/80729.htmLinux-6-64下安装Oracle 12C笔记 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/86805.htm在CentOS 6.4下安装Oracle 11gR2（x64） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-02/97374.htmOracle 11gR2 在VMWare虚拟机中安装步骤 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89579p2.htmDebian 下安装 Oracle 11g XE R2 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-03/98881.htm--------------------------------------------------------------------------------以下是计算block 170和block 171在Uedit32编辑中的offset：10:29:24 SYS@ prod>select to_char（170*8*1024, "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"） from dual;TO_CHAR（170*8*1024,"XX---------------------- 154000
10:30:27 SYS@ prod>select to_char（171*8*1024, "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"） from dual;TO_CHAR（171*8*1024,"XX---------------------- 156000以下是Uedit32编辑users01.dbf图片：通过转储数据块验证：10:30:37 SYS@ prod>alter system dump datafile 4 block 170;System altered.
[oracle@rh6 ~]$ ls -lt /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/prod/trace/|moretotal 14300
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4492 Jul 15 11:34 prod_ora_2883.trc-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 69 Jul 15 11:34 prod_ora_2883.trm-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 557756 Jul 15 10:17 alert_prod.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 947 Jul 15 10:17 prod_ckpt_2541.trc-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 59 Jul 15 10:17 prod_ckpt_2541.trm-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1783 Jul 15 10:12 prod_j000_2588.trc-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 80 Jul 15 10:12 prod_j000_2588.trm
查看转储文件：[oracle@rh6 ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/prod/trace/prod_ora_2883.trc|moreTrace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/prod/trace/prod_ora_2883.trcOracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1System name: LinuxNode name: rh6Release: 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64Version: #1 SMP Tue Jan 29 11:47:41 EST 2013Machine: x86_64Instance name: prodRedo thread mounted by this instance: 1Oracle process number: 26Unix process pid: 2883, image: oracle@rh6 （TNS V1-V3）*** 2014-07-15 11:34:50.092*** SESSION ID:（37.32） 2014-07-15 11:34:50.092*** CLIENT ID:（） 2014-07-15 11:34:50.092*** SERVICE NAME:（SYS$USERS） 2014-07-15 11:34:50.092*** MODULE NAME:（sqlplus@rh6 （TNS V1-V3）） 2014-07-15 11:34:50.092*** ACTION NAME:（） 2014-07-15 11:34:50.092 Start dump data blocks tsn: 4 file#:4 minblk 170 maxblk 170Block dump from cache:Dump of buffer cache at level 4 for tsn=4, rdba=16777386Block dump from disk:buffer tsn: 4 rdba: 0x010000aa （4/170）scn: 0x0000.001f891c seq: 0x02 flg: 0x04 tail: 0x891c2302frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x8eee type: 0x23=PAGETABLE SEGMENT HEADERHex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1Dump of memory from 0x00007F7DFC5C7A00 to 0x00007F7DFC5C9A00
7F7DFC5C7A00 0000A223 010000AA 001F891C 04020000 [#...............]---此行内容与Uedit32打开内容一致7F7DFC5C7A10 00008EEE 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]7F7DFC5C7A20 00000000 00000001 00000008 00000A9C [................]7F7DFC5C7A30 00000000 00000008 00000008 010000B0 [................]7F7DFC5C7A40 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000008 [................]7F7DFC5C7A50 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]7F7DFC5C7A60 00000008 00000008 010000B0 00000000 [................]7F7DFC5C7A70 00000000 00000000 00000008 010000A8 [................]7F7DFC5C7A80 010000A8 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]7F7DFC5C7A90 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................] Repeat 3 times7F7DFC5C7AD0 00000001 00002000 00000000 00001434 [..... ......4...]7F7DFC5C7AE0 00000000 010000A9 00000001 010000A8 [................]7F7DFC5C7AF0 010000A9 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]7F7DFC5C7B00 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000 [................]7F7DFC5C7B10 0001257B 10000000 010000A8 00000008 [{%..............]7F7DFC5C7B20 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................] Repeat 152 times7F7DFC5C84B0 010000A8 010000AB 00000000 00000000 [................]7F7DFC5C84C0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................] Repeat 151 times7F7DFC5C8E40 00000000 00000000 010000A9 00000000 [................]7F7DFC5C8E50 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................] Repeat 185 times7F7DFC5C99F0 00000000 00000000 00000000 891C2302 [.............#..] Extent Control Header ----------------------------------------------------------------- Extent Header:: spare1: 0 spare2: 0 #extents: 1 #blocks: 8 last map 0x00000000 #maps: 0 offset: 2716 Highwater:: 0x010000b0 ext#: 0 blk#: 8 ext size: 8 #blocks in seg. hdr"s freelists: 0 #blocks below: 8 mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 0 Unlocked -------------------------------------------------------- Low HighWater Mark : Highwater:: 0x010000b0 ext#: 0 blk#: 8 ext size: 8 #blocks in seg. hdr"s freelists: 0 #blocks below: 8 mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 0 Level 1 BMB for High HWM block: 0x010000a8 Level 1 BMB for Low HWM block: 0x010000a8 -------------------------------------------------------- Segment Type: 1 nl2: 1 blksz: 8192 fbsz: 0 L2 Array start offset: 0x00001434 First Level 3 BMB: 0x00000000 L2 Hint for inserts: 0x010000a9 Last Level 1 BMB: 0x010000a8 Last Level II BMB: 0x010000a9 Last Level III BMB: 0x00000000 Map Header:: next 0x00000000 #extents: 1 obj#: 75131 flag: 0x10000000 Inc # 0 Extent Map ----------------------------------------------------------------- 0x010000a8 length: 8 Auxillary Map -------------------------------------------------------- Extent 0 : L1 dba: 0x010000a8 Data dba: 0x010000ab -------------------------------------------------------- Second Level Bitmap block DBAs -------------------------------------------------------- DBA 1: 0x010000a9 End dump data blocks tsn: 4 file#: 4 minblk 170 maxblk 170
2、将Uedit32（通过16进制编辑功能）编辑过的数据文件上传到数据库13:59:58 SYS@ prod>alter system flush buffer_cache;System altered.读取数据出错：14:00:05 SYS@ prod>select * from scott.emp1;select * from scott.emp1*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted （file # 4, block # 170）ORA-01110: data file 4: "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf"
验证数据文件：[oracle@rh6 ~]$ dbv file=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf blocksize=8192
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 15 13:59:41 2014Copyright （c） 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbfPage 170 is marked corruptCorrupt block relative dba: 0x010000aa （file 4, block 170）Bad check value found during dbv:Data in bad block: type: 35 format: 2 rdba: 0x010000aa last change scn: 0x0000.001f891c seq: 0x2 flg: 0x04 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0 consistency value in tail: 0x891c2302 check value in block header: 0x8eee computed block checksum: 0x2020Page 171 is marked corruptCorrupt block relative dba: 0x010000ab （file 4, block 171）Bad header found during dbv:Data in bad block: type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x012020ab last change scn: 0x2020.201f890b seq: 0x2 flg: 0x04 spare1: 0x20 spare2: 0x20 spare3: 0x2020 consistency value in tail: 0x890b0602 check value in block header: 0xcf8b computed block checksum: 0x2e00Page 172 is marked corruptCorrupt block relative dba: 0x010000ac （file 4, block 172）Bad header found during dbv:Data in bad block: type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x012020ac last change scn: 0x2020.201f891c seq: 0x3 flg: 0x06 spare1: 0x20 spare2: 0x20 spare3: 0x2020 consistency value in tail: 0x891c0603 check value in block header: 0xa5b1 computed block checksum: 0x0Page 173 is marked corruptCorrupt block relative dba: 0x010000ad （file 4, block 173）Bad header found during dbv:Data in bad block: type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x012020ad last change scn: 0x2020.201f891c seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04 spare1: 0x20 spare2: 0x20 spare3: 0x2020 consistency value in tail: 0x891c0601 check value in block header: 0xf6ab computed block checksum: 0x2020Page 174 is marked corruptCorrupt block relative dba: 0x010000ae （file 4, block 174）Bad header found during dbv:Data in bad block: type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x012020ae last change scn: 0x2020.201f891c seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04 spare1: 0x20 spare2: 0x20 spare3: 0x2020 consistency value in tail: 0x891c0601 check value in block header: 0xcef0 computed block checksum: 0x20Page 175 is marked corruptCorrupt block relative dba: 0x010000af （file 4, block 175）Bad header found during dbv:Data in bad block: type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x012020af last change scn: 0x2020.201f891c seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04 spare1: 0x20 spare2: 0x20 spare3: 0x2020 consistency value in tail: 0x891c0601 check value in block header: 0x146a computed block checksum: 0x0Page 176 is marked corruptCorrupt block relative dba: 0x010000b0 （file 4, block 176）Bad header found during dbv:Data in bad block: type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x012020b0 last change scn: 0x2020.201e6219 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04 spare1: 0x20 spare2: 0x20 spare3: 0x2020 consistency value in tail: 0x62190601 check value in block header: 0x2185 computed block checksum: 0x2020
DBVERIFY - Verification completeTotal Pages Examined : 12800Total Pages Processed （Data） : 757Total Pages Failing （Data） : 0Total Pages Processed （Index）: 2Total Pages Failing （Index）: 0Total Pages Processed （Other）: 12024Total Pages Processed （Seg） : 0Total Pages Failing （Seg） : 0Total Pages Empty : 10Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 7Total Pages Influx : 0Total Pages Encrypted : 0Highest block SCN : 2066716 （0.2066716）从以上验证结果看：总共有7个数据块（170-176）被破坏！更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容： http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-07/104360p2.htm

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