背景:某表忽然出现查询非常缓慢的情况,cost 100+ 秒以上;严重影响生产。Oracle入门教程:leading vs ordered hint http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-03/56769.htmOracle hint 实践一列 leanding 驱动表和hash多块读取 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-01/52039.htmOracle优化常用hint语句 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-09/43104.htmOracle调优hint提示 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-09/43103.htm
原SQL:explain plan for
select * from (
select ID id,RET_NO retNo, FROM_SYS fromSy, TO_SYS toSys, COMMAND_CODE commandCode, COMMAND, STATUS,
EXT_CODE, ORIGN_CODE orignCode,error_message errorMessage, RE_F, RET_MSG retMsg
from interface_table where ((command_code in("AASSS")
and status in("F","E") and (re_f = "N") and FROM_SYS = "MEE")
or (COMMAND_CODE in("XXXX","XXXX9") and FROM_SYS = "EXT" and RE_F = "N")
) and MOD(id, 1) = 0 order by id) where rownum <= 100 ;
查看其执行计划:SELECT plan_table_output FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY("PLAN_TABLE"));
- Plan hash value: 1871549687
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 99 | 382K| 637 (1)| 00:00:08 |
- |* 1 | COUNT STOPKEY | | | | | |
- | 2 | VIEW | | 100 | 386K| 637 (1)| 00:00:08 |
- |* 3 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| INTERFACE_TABLE | 355 | 55735 | 637 (1)| 00:00:08 |
- |* 4 | INDEX FULL SCAN | PK_INTERFACE_TABLE | 1439 | | 280 (2)| 00:00:04 |
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
优化后的SQL:explain plan for
select * from (
select /*+ index(INT_TABLE IX_INT_TABLE_2)*/ ID id,RET_NO retNo, FROM_SYS fromSy, TO_SYS toSys, COMMAND_CODE commandCode, COMMAND, STATUS,
EXT_CODE, ORIGN_CODE orignCode,error_message errorMessage, RE_F, RET_MSG retMsg
from interface_table where ((command_code in("AASSS")
and status in("F","E") and (re_f = "N") and FROM_SYS = "MEE")
or (COMMAND_CODE in("XXXX","XXXX9") and FROM_SYS = "EXT" and RE_F = "N")
) and MOD(id, 1) = 0 order by id) where rownum <= 100 ;
查看其执行计划:SELECT plan_table_output FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY("PLAN_TABLE"));
- Plan hash value: 3625182869
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 99 | 382K| 19105 (1)| 00:03:50 |
- |* 1 | COUNT STOPKEY | | | | | |
- | 2 | VIEW | | 356 | 1376K| 19105 (1)| 00:03:50 |
- |* 3 | SORT ORDER BY STOPKEY | | 356 | 55892 | 19105 (1)| 00:03:50 |
- | 4 | CONCATENATION | | | | | |
- |* 5 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| INTERFACE_TABLE | 69 | 10833 | 9552 (1)| 00:01:55 |
- |* 6 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IX_INTERFACE_TABLE_2 | 77145 | | 99 (0)| 00:00:02 |
- |* 7 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| INTERFACE_TABLE | 287 | 45059 | 9552 (1)| 00:01:55 |
- |* 8 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IX_INTERFACE_TABLE_2 | 77145 | | 99 (0)| 00:00:02 |
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
比较:查看执行计划,原来是使用 full scan - 当数据量大时非常慢;优化后oracle优先走range scan,hint 的 index 是未处理标识字段的索引,正常情况下这个数据集合相对较小--------所以可以达到优化目的。具体情况具体分析,我们必须要看实际的表存的业务数据,分析其业务关系找到最小业务集合;后者要看懂执行计划,根据rows, bytes, cost, time 找到最优项目。这个分析顺序不能倒置。问题:为何使用 rownum 后,oracle执行计划会走full scan?
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