花了一下午的时间完成了一个简单语言的解释器,我会在最后帖出所有代码,但是今天不打算详细解释程序的每一个步骤,最近考虑找实习、做论文,要花一些时间。有时间了我会解释每一部分,在这里只提醒一下读者,程序的写作过程和它呈现出来的不一样,总体来说我的写作过程是先写一个只包含一条指令的解释器,然后逐渐加入其他指令。
ps:我是多么的想看看高手们写程序的过程,而不只是结果,但是就像graham说的“写的过程往往显得冗长”,所以这方面的书籍不多。我觉得比较接近的书包括《clean code》、《paip》、《software tools》。只可惜现在只看完了一本半。想法的来源昨天圣诞节,坐在不能上网的实验室,觉得好无聊。然后想起了学习《可计算性与计算复杂性》的时候,里面用到了一种含有5条指令的原语言,老师也要求我们用这个语言写程序,所以我就想写一个解释器,来执行用该语言,并把这个解释器作为自己的圣诞礼物。
原语言描述书中说它是一个fortran式的简单语言,所以我就给它起了个简单的名字Metafor,表示meta fortran。下面来看一下它的具体描述,然后贴上我在代码里更详细的描述,我为每一种指令都起了个名字(注意其中把赋值语句命名为setf是由于我最近在写common lisp多一些)。+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+指令 描述
x = x + 1 变量x的值加1
x = x - 1 变元x的值减1。若x的值为0,则结果仍为0
TO A IF x≠0 若x≠0,则转标号为A的指令;否则执行下一条指令
TO A 无条件转到标号为A的指令
y=x 把x的值赋给变元y,x值保持不变+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- 1. Metafor has five instructions:
-
- name instruction description
-
- inc: x = x + 1, Increase by 1 the value of the variable x.
- dec: x = x - 1, If the value of x is 0, leave it unchanged; otherwise
- decrease by 1 the value of x.
- con_goto: TO A IF x != 0, If the value of x is nonzero, perform the instruction
- with the label A next; otherwise proceed to the next
- instruction in the list.
- goto: TO A, Perform the instruction with the label A next.
- setf: y = x, Change the value variable y to the value of variable x.
-
- 2. Some specification:
-
- (1) Input variables are represented as:
- x1, x2, x3, ...
-
- (2) Local variables are represented as:
- z1, z2, z3, ...
-
- (3) Output variable is represented as:
- y
-
- note: the num 1 is often omitted(i.e., x stands for x1 and z stands
- for z1).
-
- 3. Labeled instructions:
-
- Instructions may or may not have labels. When an instruction is labeled,
- the label is written to its left in square brackets. For example,
-
- [B] Z = Z - l
-
- 4. A smaple program:
-
- "Program to compute y = x1+ x2"
-
- y = x1
- [B] TO A IF x2 != 0
- TO E
- [A] x2 = x2 - 1
- y = y + 1
- TO B
-
- 4. For more information, please refer to 《可计算性与计算复杂性》,
- 周长林、李占山著.
整体思路 由于该语言中含有goto语句,所以我不能一句一句的解释执行,我需要把整个程序读进来,转换成一种方面的内部格式后,作为整体执行。例如,这是计算y = x + x2的语言程序:
- y = x
- TO A IF x2 != 0
- TO E
- x2 = x2 - 1
- y = y + 1
- TO B
它转换为内部格式后,为:
- [["setf", "y", "x"],
- ["labeled_exp", "B", ["con_goto", "A", "x2"]],
- ["goto", "E"],
- ["labeled_exp", "A", ["dec", "x2"]],
- ["inc", "y"],
- ["goto", "B"]]