将MySQL默认datadir修改为自己想要的路径

mysql 数据库的默认安装的路径在/var/lib/mysql，但是实际中，我们在安装时常常就需要定制安装数据库路径，比如/data/mysql，或者/opt/mysql，通常是一个单独的一块盘或者分区，这样有利于性能调优和保护数据安全，同时也方便进行维护。重新初始化mysql 的datadir方法是官方提供的perl脚本mysql_install_db。perocna是一个优秀的mysql衍生版，以高性能为特色，这里以Percona 最新版5.6.12作为示范，迁移目标是/data/mysql1、确保关闭了selinux，减少排障干扰。
事实证明，selinux是一大败笔，其规则不易维护，还常导致莫名其妙的问题。2、安装percona
rpm -Uhv http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/percona-release-0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
yum install Percona-Server-server-56 --enablerepo=percona3、创建目标目录mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql4、迁移命令
mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/data/mysql5、为避免夜长梦多，干掉/var/lib/mysql
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql6、创建合适的/etc/my.cnf，一定要指定datadir，其他具体配置没有定论，不过mysql5.6 默认的配置比较OK，推荐通过percona的工具在线配置一个https://tools.percona.com/这里暂且贴一份，机器配置是6核，16G内存
[mysql]
# CLIENT #
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
# GENERAL #
user = mysql
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
character-set-server = utf8
# MyISAM #
key_buffer_size = 32M
myisam_recover = FORCE,BACKUP
# SAFETY #
max_allowed_packet = 16M
max_connect_errors = 1000000
skip_name_resolve
# DATA STORAGE #
datadir = /data/mysql/
# BINARY LOGGING #
log_bin = /data/mysql/mysql-bin
expire_logs_days = 14
sync_binlog = 1
# CACHES AND LIMITS #
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_size = 0
max_connections = 500
thread_cache_size = 50
open_files_limit = 65535
table_definition_cache = 1024
table_open_cache = 2048
# INNODB #
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10G
innodb_thread_concurrency = 12
thread_handling = pool-of-threads
#auto_increment_increment = 2
#auto_increment_offset = 0
# LOGGING #
log_error = /data/mysql/mysql-error.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql-slow.log7、启动mysql
12 chkconfig mysql on
service mysql start至于报错，原因肯定有不止一百个，不解释了。按照上面的步骤执行就可以了，收集的常见报错如下，仅供参考：A版，mysql启动报错
Starting MySQL...The server quit without updating PID file ，xxx.pidB版，mysql_install_db 脚本运行出错
FATAL ERROR: Could not find my-default cnf, could not find my-default cnf, fata error my-default cnf, fatal error could not find my-default cnf, mysql_install_db my-default cnf error另外，还有一个偷懒的办法，先创建/data/mysql，然后软链接到/var/lib/mysql，再安装mysql-server，这样反而可以规避一些常见错误。推荐阅读：MySQL备份和恢复具体实施 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-12/76257.htmMySQL备份与恢复的三种方法总结 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-12/75428.htmMySQL备份还原（视图、存储过程） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-01/52665.htmMySQL 5.5.32 配置文件优化详解Oracle 10.2.0.5 64位RMAN迁移到11.2.0.3x64相关资讯 MySQL datadir 本文评论查看全部评论（0）