MySQL utf8mb4 字符集：支持 emoji 表情符号

㈠序言为了应对无线互联网的机遇和挑战、避免 emoji 表情符号带来的问题、涉及无线相关的 MySQL 数据库建议都提前采用 utf8mb4 字符集这必须要作为移动互联网行业的一个技术选型的要点㈡限制需要 >= MySQL 5.5.3版本、从库也必须是5.5的了、低版本不支持这个字符集、复制报错㈢简要步骤以下是一个未升级到 5.5.3 的配置步骤：① 备份数据库② 升级 MySQL Server 到 v5.5.3+③ 修改 database、table和column字符集For each database:ALTER DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci;# For each table:ALTER TABLE table_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;# For each column:ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE column_name column_name VARCHAR（191） CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;# （Don’t blindly copy-paste this！ The exact statement depends on the column type, maximum length, and other properties. The above line is just an example for a `VARCHAR` column.）④ 修改 my.cnf[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect="SET NAMES utf8mb4"⑤ 重启 MySQL Server、检查字符集mysql> SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE "character\_set\_%" OR Variable_name LIKE "collation%";
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| collation_connection | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
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