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Oracle 11g 允许将索引标记为invisible. oracle像维护其他索引一样维护 invisible index ,但是默认invisible index不能被优化器使用,除非显式设置 OPTIMIZER_USE_INVISIBLE_INDEXES=TRUE(可以alter system/session).可以在创建索引的时候指定 INVISIBLE关键字或 ALTER INDEX命令来invisible一个索引。
 
CREATE INDEX idx_name on table_name(column_name) INVISIBLE;
ALTER INDEX idx_name INVISIBLE;
ALTER INDEX idx_name VISIBLE;demo:SQL> create table ii_tab( id number);Table created.SQL> begin     
  for i in 1 .. 10000 loop
  insert into ii_tab values (i);
  end loop;
  commit;
  end;
  /PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> create index ii_tab_id on ii_tab(id) invisible;Index created.SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(USER,"ii_tab",cascade=>TRUE);PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.SQL> set autotrace on
SQL> select * from ii_tab where id=9999;        ID
---------- Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2057286804----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation       | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time   |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |        |   1 |   4 |   7 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| II_TAB |   1 |   4 |   7 (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
 - filter("ID"=9999)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
  recursive calls
  db block gets
  consistent gets
  physical reads
  redo size
  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
  sorts (memory)
  sorts (disk)
  rows processedSQL> alter session set optimizer_use_invisible_indexes=true;Session altered.SQL> select * from ii_tab where id=9999;        ID
---------- Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 81730945------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation        | Name      | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time   |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT |         |   1 |   4 |   1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  INDEX RANGE SCAN| II_TAB_ID |   1 |   4 |   1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
 - access("ID"=9999)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
  recursive calls
  db block gets
  consistent gets
  physical reads
  redo size
  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
  sorts (memory)
  sorts (disk)
  rows processedSQL> alter session set optimizer_use_invisible_indexes=false;Session altered.可以看到即使设置索引为invisible,当optimizer_use_invisible_indexes为true的时候 优化器仍然会走索引而非全表。
 
对比一下 ALTER INDEX ... UNUSABLE, 优化器不会使用UNUSABLE索引,需要 REBUILD更多Oracle相关信息见Oracle 专题页面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=12Redis监控技巧Oracle 11g: 合并分区表-merge partition相关资讯      Oracle 11g  Oracle Indexes 
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