1.SQL与PL/SQL代码终止符 SQL代码以";"来表示代码的终止 PL/SQL代码以"."来表示代码的终止,以"/"表示代码的执行 scott@ORCL> select * from emp where empno=7788; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3100 20 scott@ORCL> declare v_ename varchar2(10); 2 begin 3 select ename into v_ename from emp where empno=7788; 4 dbms_output.put_line("Employee Name: "||v_ename); 5 exception 6 when no_data_found then 7 dbms_output.put_line("There is no employee"); 8 end; 9 . scott@ORCL> / Employee Name: SCOTT PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 2.替代变量 &变量名、&&变量名 执行时,如果&变量名,没有赋值的话,会提示输入变量值 scott@ORCL> select * from emp where empno=&no; Enter value for no: 7788 old 1: select * from emp where empno=&no new 1: select * from emp where empno=7788 EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3100 20 scott@ORCL> save /u01/bk/scripts/select_empno.sql Created file /u01/bk/scripts/select_empno.sql scott@ORCL> @/u01/bk/scripts/select_empno.sql Enter value for no: 7788 old 1: select * from emp where empno=&no new 1: select * from emp where empno=7788 EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3100 20 set verify 的使用 scott@ORCL> set verify off --使用set verify off来关闭替代变量使用时的提示,即执行SQL语句前不显示使用的变量值 scott@ORCL> @/u01/bk/scripts/select_empno.sql Enter value for no: 7788 EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3100 20 对于字符型和日期型数据,替代变量要加单引号( " " ),将变量括起来 select * from emp where job="&job" && 对输入变量的再次引用,同时会保存变量的值 scott@ORCL> set serveroutput on; scott@ORCL> begin 2 dbms_output.put_line("The num is "||&&num); --使用双&&保存了变量num的值 3 dbms_output.put_line("The second num is "||&num); --因此第二次输出变量num也是 4 end; 5 / Enter value for num: 10 The num is 10 The second num is 10 替代变量的设置 set define character --修改缺省的替代变量符号为其他符号,但不能使用数字和空格 set define on --启用替代变量 set define off --关闭替代变量 scott@ORCL> set define off scott@ORCL> @/u01/bk/scripts/select_empno.sql SP2-0552: Bind variable "NO" not declared.
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