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PostgreSQL数据库创建、删除方法
1.在PostgreSQL数据库服务器安装完成后,默认有三个数据库,可以通过下面两种方法查看。
postgres
=# SELECT * FROM pg_database;
datname | datdba | encoding | datcollate | datctype | datistemplate | datallowconn | datconnlimit | datlastsysoid | datfrozenxid | dattablespace | datc
onfig | datacl
-----------+--------+----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+-----
------+-------------------------------------
template1 | 10 | 6 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | t | t | -1 | 11563 | 648 | 1663 |
| {=c/postgres,
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres}
template0 | 10 | 6 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | t | f | -1 | 11563 | 648 | 1663 |
| {=c/postgres,
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres}
postgres | 10 | 6 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | f | t | -1 | 11563 | 648 | 1663 |
|
(3 rows)
postgres
=# l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collation | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
(3 rows)
postgres
=#
这三个数据库均是由
initdb
生成的,其中template0 和template1 为数据库模板,创建时直接可以使用其克隆一个新数据库。2. 创建方法,由什么用户创建,默认数据库owner就为此用户。
[postgres@kevin ~]$ psql postgres
psql (8.4.2)
Type "help" for help.
postgres
=# CREATE DATABASE pg_databse_test_1;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres
=# l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collation | Ctype | Access privileges
-------------------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
pg_databse_test_1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
(4 rows)
postgres
=#
另一种命令行创建方法:
[postgres@kevin ~]$ createdb pg_database_test_2;
[postgres@kevin ~]$ psql
psql (8.4.2)
Type "help" for help.
postgres
=# l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collation | Ctype | Access privileges
--------------------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
pg_database_test_2 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_databse_test_1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
(5 rows)
postgres
=#
3.为其他数据库角色创建数据库。
postgres
=# du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
----------------+-------------+-----------
pg_test_user_3 | Create DB | {}
pg_test_user_4 | Create role | {}
: Create DB
postgres | Superuser | {}
: Create role
: Create DB
postgres
=# CREATE DATABASE pg_database_3 OWNER pg_test_user_4;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres
=# l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collation | Ctype | Access privileges
--------------------+----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
pg_database_3 | pg_test_user_4 | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_database_test_2 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_databse_test_1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
(6 rows)
postgres
=#
命令行方法:
[postgres@kevin ~]$ createdb -O pg_test_user_3 pg_database_4;
[postgres@kevin ~]$ psql
psql (8.4.2)
Type "help" for help.
postgres
=# l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collation | Ctype | Access privileges
--------------------+----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
pg_database_3 | pg_test_user_4 | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_database_4 | pg_test_user_3 | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_database_test_2 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_databse_test_1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
(7 rows)
postgres
=#
4. 使用模板数据库创建,此时,对模板的更改会引起所有基于它创建的数据库对象发生相同的变更。
postgres
=# CREATE DATABASE pg_datebase_5 TEMPLATE template0; /*SQL方式*/
CREATE DATABASE
postgres
=# l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collation | Ctype | Access privileges
--------------------+----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
pg_database_3 | pg_test_user_4 | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_database_4 | pg_test_user_3 | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_database_test_2 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_databse_test_1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_datebase_5 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
(8 rows)
postgres
=# q
[postgres@kevin ~]$ createdb -T template0 pg_database_6 /*命令行方式*/
[postgres@kevin ~]$ psql
psql (8.4.2)
Type "help" for help.
postgres
=# l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collation | Ctype | Access privileges
--------------------+----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
pg_database_3 | pg_test_user_4 | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_database_4 | pg_test_user_3 | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_database_6 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_database_test_2 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_databse_test_1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
pg_datebase_5 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
:
postgres
=
CTc
/postgres
(9 rows)
postgres
=#
1
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