首页 / 数据库 / MySQL / Oracle 10g RAC环境下创建物理DATAGUARD

为一个RAC搭建standby和单节点搭建方法基本一致，我们可以把RAC看成是一个单节点的数据库，只需要保证所有节点的日志能传送到备库即可。一、在备库服务器安装Oracle软件只安装软件，不要创建数据库。ORACLE软件版本和主库保持一致。二、修改主库参数节点1执行：SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------spfile string /dev/raw/raw14
节点2执行：SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------spfile string /dev/raw/raw14
可见，在本例中，RAC各节点共用一个spfile，所以，我们修改参数时，可以只需在一个节点下修改就可以了。
--强制数据库LOGGINGSQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
Database altered. 
--修改DATAGUARD相关参数SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG="DG_CONFIG=（primary,standby）" scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1="LOCATION=/soft/archivelog/ VALID_FOR=（ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES） DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary" scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2="SERVICE=standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=（ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE） DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby" scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT="%t_%s_%r.arc" scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4 scope=spfile;
System altered. 
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET COMPATIBLE = "10.2.0.3" scope=spfile;
System altered.
--以下几个参数是为了SWITCH OVER用的，是可选参数。--但是为了以后可能发生的SWITCH OVER更方便，应该养成设置这些参数的习惯SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_CLIENT = PRIMARY SCOPE=SPFILE;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER = STANDBY SCOPE=SPFILE;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT =AUTO SCOPE=SPFILE;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT="/soft/oradata/rac/","/dev/raw/" SCOPE=SPFILE;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT="/soft/oradata/rac/","/dev/raw/" SCOPE=SPFILE;
System altered.
--在本文测试环境下，由于主库和备库路径不一致，所以要设置路径转换参数。
三、修改主库为归档模式1、--关闭所有实例--注意：修改以上参数后，必须把所有实例都关闭。否则在启动实例的时候可能会导致错误：--ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kccsbck_first], [2], [2241198041],[], [], [], [], []
SQL> shutdown immediateDatabase closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down. 
2、修改为归档模式--关闭所有节点SQL> shutdown immediateDatabase closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.
--在其中一个节点启用归档SQL> startup mountORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 159383552 bytesFixed Size 1260672 bytesVariable Size 79692672 bytesDatabase Buffers 75497472 bytesRedo Buffers 2932736 bytesDatabase mounted.SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open; 
Database altered.
10GR2以前，在RAC环境下修改归档必须先把设置参数cluster_database=false，把数据库设置为归档后再把该参数设置为true，但这个步骤在10GR2可以省略。 
四、备份数据库1、备份数据库备份操作在节点1（rac1）上执行。由于归档在不同的节点下，故要连接所有节点进行备份：[oracle@rac1 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Apr 30 14:48:23 2008
Copyright （c） 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: RAC （DBID=2232067446）
RMAN> run2> {3> allocate channel c1 device type disk format "/soft/backup/%U" connect sys/test@rac1;4> allocate channel c2 device type disk format "/soft/backup/%U" connect sys/test@rac2;5> backup database plus archivelog delete all input;6> }
using target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: c1channel c1: sid=134 instance=rac1 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: c2channel c2: sid=141 instance=rac2 devtype=DISK 
Starting backup at 30-APR-08current log archivedchannel c1: starting archive log backupsetchannel c1: specifying archive log（s） in backup setinput archive log thread=1 sequence=80 recid=1 stamp=653247673input archive log thread=1 sequence=81 recid=4 stamp=653268228input archive log thread=1 sequence=82 recid=5 stamp=653353066channel c1: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08channel c2: starting archive log backupsetchannel c2: specifying archive log（s） in backup setinput archive log thread=1 sequence=85 recid=13 stamp=653409646input archive log thread=2 sequence=42 recid=2 stamp=653248818input archive log thread=2 sequence=43 recid=3 stamp=653250118input archive log thread=2 sequence=46 recid=10 stamp=653353763input archive log thread=2 sequence=47 recid=11 stamp=653354798input archive log thread=2 sequence=48 recid=12 stamp=653409644input archive log thread=2 sequence=49 recid=16 stamp=653410122channel c2: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08channel c2: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08piece handle=/soft/backup/02jf4fql_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144854 comment=NONEchannel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05channel c2: deleting archive log（s）archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_85_644085430.arc recid=13 stamp=653409646archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_42_644085430.arc recid=2 stamp=653248818archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_43_644085430.arc recid=3 stamp=653250118archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_46_644085430.arc recid=10 stamp=653353763archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_47_644085430.arc recid=11 stamp=653354798archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_48_644085430.arc recid=12 stamp=653409644archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_49_644085430.arc recid=16 stamp=653410122channel c1: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08piece handle=/soft/backup/01jf4fqq_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144854 comment=NONEchannel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:14channel c1: deleting archive log（s）archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_80_644085430.arc recid=1 stamp=653247673archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_81_644085430.arc recid=4 stamp=653268228archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_82_644085430.arc recid=5 stamp=653353066channel c1: starting archive log backupsetchannel c1: specifying archive log（s） in backup setinput archive log thread=1 sequence=83 recid=6 stamp=653353068input archive log thread=1 sequence=84 recid=9 stamp=653353575input archive log thread=1 sequence=86 recid=14 stamp=653409966input archive log thread=1 sequence=87 recid=15 stamp=653410123input archive log thread=2 sequence=44 recid=7 stamp=653353071input archive log thread=2 sequence=45 recid=8 stamp=653353072channel c1: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08channel c1: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08piece handle=/soft/backup/03jf4fr9_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144854 comment=NONEchannel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02channel c1: deleting archive log（s）archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_83_644085430.arc recid=6 stamp=653353068archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_84_644085430.arc recid=9 stamp=653353575archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_86_644085430.arc recid=14 stamp=653409966archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_87_644085430.arc recid=15 stamp=653410123archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_44_644085430.arc recid=7 stamp=653353071archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_45_644085430.arc recid=8 stamp=653353072Finished backup at 30-APR-08
Starting backup at 30-APR-08channel c1: starting full datafile backupsetchannel c1: specifying datafile（s） in backupsetinput datafile fno=00001 name=/dev/raw/raw1input datafile fno=00005 name=/dev/raw/raw7input datafile fno=00003 name=/dev/raw/raw2channel c1: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08channel c2: starting full datafile backupsetchannel c2: specifying datafile（s） in backupsetinput datafile fno=00002 name=/dev/raw/raw3input datafile fno=00004 name=/dev/raw/raw5channel c2: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08channel c2: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08piece handle=/soft/backup/05jf4frg_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144919 comment=NONEchannel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:43channel c2: starting full datafile backupsetchannel c2: specifying datafile（s） in backupsetincluding current control file in backupsetchannel c2: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08channel c2: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08piece handle=/soft/backup/06jf4ft0_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144919 comment=NONEchannel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:22channel c2: starting full datafile backupsetchannel c2: specifying datafile（s） in backupsetincluding current SPFILE in backupsetchannel c2: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08channel c2: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08piece handle=/soft/backup/07jf4ftm_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144919 comment=NONEchannel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:06channel c1: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08piece handle=/soft/backup/04jf4frg_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144919 comment=NONEchannel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:13Finished backup at 30-APR-08
Starting backup at 30-APR-08current log archivedchannel c1: starting archive log backupsetchannel c1: specifying archive log（s） in backup setinput archive log thread=1 sequence=88 recid=17 stamp=653410237channel c1: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08channel c1: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08piece handle=/soft/backup/08jf4fv9_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T145120 comment=NONEchannel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04channel c1: deleting archive log（s）archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_88_644085430.arc recid=17 stamp=653410237channel c1: starting archive log backupsetchannel c1: specifying archive log（s） in backup setinput archive log thread=2 sequence=50 recid=18 stamp=653410279channel c1: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08channel c1: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08piece handle=/soft/backup/09jf4fvf_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T145120 comment=NONEchannel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04channel c1: deleting archive log（s）archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_50_644085430.arc recid=18 stamp=653410279Finished backup at 30-APR-08released channel: c1released channel: c2 
2、生成备库控制文件RMAN> run2> {3> allocate channel c1 device type disk format "/soft/backup/CON_%U";4> backup current controlfile for standby;5> }
allocated channel: c1channel c1: sid=131 instance=rac1 devtype=DISK
Starting backup at 30-APR-08channel c1: starting full datafile backupsetchannel c1: specifying datafile（s） in backupsetincluding standby control file in backupsetchannel c1: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08channel c1: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08piece handle=/soft/backup/CON_0ajf4gqi_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T150554 comment=NONEchannel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:12Finished backup at 30-APR-08released channel: c1为一个RAC搭建standby和单节点搭建方法基本一致，我们可以把RAC看成是一个单节点的数据库，只需要保证所有节点的日志能传送到备库即可。   五、备库环境准备
1、在备库添加指向主库的tnsnames在备库的tnsnames.ora添加如下内容：primary =（DESCRIPTION =（ADDRESS = （PROTOCOL = TCP）（HOST = 200.200.200.11）（PORT = 1521））（ADDRESS = （PROTOCOL = TCP）（HOST = 200.200.200.22）（PORT = 1521））（LOAD_BALANCE = yes）（CONNECT_DATA =（SERVER = DEDICATED）（SERVICE_NAME = primary）（FAILOVER_MODE =（TYPE = SELECT）（METHOD = BASIC）（RETRIES = 180）（DELAY = 5））））2、在备库创建相关目录包括adump,bdump,cdump,udump及数据文件目录等。3、拷贝主库的密码文件到备库上--拷贝rac1的密码文件到备库的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下，并把该密码文件修改为orapwd<sid>。这里我的sid就用rac1，所以，不用改名。[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp orapwrac1 172.25.0.35:`pwd`orapwrac1 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00
4、配置备库的监听[oracle@standby admin]$ more listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =（SID_LIST =（SID_DESC =（GLOBAL_DBNAME = standby）（ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10.2/database）（SID_NAME = rac1）））
LISTENER =（DESCRIPTION_LIST =（DESCRIPTION =（ADDRESS = （PROTOCOL = TCP）（HOST = standby）（PORT = 1521）））（DESCRIPTION =（ADDRESS = （PROTOCOL = IPC）（KEY = EXTPROC））））
启动备库监听：lsnrctl start

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