本实验是Oracle 11.2.0.4 RAC 对单机本地文件路径的DataGuard推荐设置/etc/hosts文件的域名解析,方便后面的配置,因为IP非常容易乱套了我的是直接将所有的节点（包括备机）的etc都设置成完全的,一样的,
192.168.115.100 rac1192.168.115.101 rac2192.168.115.110 rac1-vip192.168.115.111 rac2-vip192.168.145.16 rac1-priv192.168.145.17 rac2-priv192.168.115.120 scan192.168.115.37 racstb
首先是rac主库准备工作:
1. 将rac主库修改为forcelogging模式
SQL> select name , open_mode, log_mode,force_logging from gv$database; NAME OPEN_MODE LOG_MODE FOR--------- -------------------- ------------ ---ORCL READ WRITE ARCHIVELOG NOORCL READ WRITE ARCHIVELOG NO SQL> alter database force logging; Database altered. SQL> select name , open_mode, log_mode,force_logging from gv$database; NAME OPEN_MODE LOG_MODE FOR--------- -------------------- ------------ ---ORCL READ WRITE ARCHIVELOG YESORCL READ WRITE ARCHIVELOG YES
2. 设置参数
1. 设置所有的启用的数据库名ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG="DG_CONFIG=（ORCL,ORCLDG）" SID="*"; 2. 设置归档日志的路径（本地和网络）ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1="LOCATION=+FRA VALID_FOR=（ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES） DB_UNIQUE_NAME="ORCL" SID="*";ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2="SERVICE=ORCLDG LGWR ASYNC REOPEN NET_TIMEOUT=300 VALID_FOR=（ONLINE_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE） DB_UNIQUE_NAME="ORCLDG" SID="*"; alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE;alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE; 3. 设置备库文件自动管理,可以在主库新建数据文件的时候自动新建备库ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO SID="*"; 4. 设置FAL_SERVER为备库名ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER="ORCLDG" SID="*"; 5. 设置文件路径的转换,当RMAN还原的时候,主备库路径不一致的时候能够进行绝对路径的转换（实质是绝对路径的字符集简单替换） alter system set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT="/oradata/orcldg/datafile/","+DATA/orcl/datafile/" scope=spfile;alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT="/oradata/orcldg/orl/","+DATA/orcl/onlineredo/" scope=spfile;备库目录在前,本库目录在后需要注意:这里的LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT,实际上就是在RMAN还原的时候,将原控制文件标注的online redo路径的指定字符转换到后面的字符注意不是standby redolog的路径,standby redolog的路径和这个没关系
3. 配置监听和解析
1. 配置备库上的监听:vim $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora原来的保留,只是新加上一个静态监听
SID_LIST_LISTENER =（SID_LIST =（SID_DESC =（GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcldg）（ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1）（SID_NAME = orcldg）））
2. 配置所有节点上的解析
ORCL =（DESCRIPTION =（ADDRESS =（PROTOCOL = TCP）（HOST = scan）（PORT =1521））（CONNECT_DATA =（SERVER = DEDICATED）（SERVICE_NAME = orcl）））ORCL1 =（DESCRIPTION =（ADDRESS =（PROTOCOL = TCP）（HOST = rac1）（PORT =1521））（CONNECT_DATA =（SERVER = DEDICATED）（SERVICE_NAME = orcl）））ORCL2 =（DESCRIPTION =（ADDRESS =（PROTOCOL = TCP）（HOST = rac2）（PORT =1521））（CONNECT_DATA =（SERVER = DEDICATED）（SERVICE_NAME = orcl）））ORCLDG =（DESCRIPTION =（ADDRESS =（PROTOCOL = TCP）（HOST = racstb）（PORT =1521））（CONNECT_DATA =（SERVER = DEDICATED）（SERVICE_NAME = orcldg）））
注意是所有节点 3. 检查效果备库启动监听lsnrctl start所有节点使用tnsping 相互ping SID,检查通不通tnsping ORCLtnsping ORCL1
tnsping ORCL2
tnsping ORCLDG
4. 创建密码文件到备库
密码文件一般都在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/下名称为orapw实例名注意每个实例的实例名不一样,所以复制到对应的实例下时一定需要注意命名问题强烈建议:将一个实例下的口令文件复制到所有节点去,不然可能会出现:复制rac2的口令文件到备库,结果连不上rac1复制rac1的口令文件到备库,结果连不上rac2这个地方很坑的 [oracle@rac2 dbs]$ scp orapworcl1 racstb:/$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcldg
5. 主库生成pfile,修改后传到备库应用
1. SQL> create pfile="/home/oracle/pfile.ora" from spfile;在此附上原pfile和修改后的pfilescp pfil.ora racstb:/home/oracle/我使用的是指定sga_target,自动分配,你们可以自己分配下面的黄色背景我都删除了,蓝色背景需要你们自己修改当然可能还是由于环境不一致导致一些错误,需要你们自己抓取alert log进行分析SQL> show parameter background_dump_dest; #查看alert日志所在目录
orcl2.__db_cache_size=268435456orcl1.__db_cache_size=268435456orcl2.__java_pool_size=4194304orcl1.__java_pool_size=4194304orcl2.__large_pool_size=8388608orcl1.__large_pool_size=8388608orcl1.__oracle_base="/u02/app/oracle"#ORACLE_BASE set from environmentorcl2.__oracle_base="/u02/app/oracle"#ORACLE_BASE set from environmentorcl2.__pga_aggregate_target=159383552orcl1.__pga_aggregate_target=159383552orcl2.__sga_target=473956352orcl1.__sga_target=473956352orcl2.__shared_io_pool_size=0orcl1.__shared_io_pool_size=0orcl2.__shared_pool_size=184549376orcl1.__shared_pool_size=184549376orcl2.__streams_pool_size=0orcl1.__streams_pool_size=0*.audit_file_dest="/u02/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump"*.audit_trail="db"*.cluster_database=TRUE*.compatible="11.2.0.4.0"*.control_files="+DATA/orcl/controlfile/current.261.922977393","+DATA/orcl/controlfile/current.260.922977393","+FRA/orcl/controlfile/current.256.922977393","+DATA/orcl/controlfile/current.279.924349985"#Restore Controlfile*.db_block_size=8192*.db_create_file_dest="+DATA"*.db_create_online_log_dest_1="+DATA"*.db_create_online_log_dest_2="+DATA"*.db_create_online_log_dest_3="+FRA"*.db_domain=""*.db_file_name_convert="/oradata/orcldg/datafile/","+DATA/orcl/datafile/"*.db_name="orcl"*.diagnostic_dest="/u02/app/oracle"*.dispatchers="（PROTOCOL=TCP） （SERVICE=orclXDB）"*.fal_server="ORCLDG"orcl2.instance_number=2orcl1.instance_number=1orcl1.local_listener="（DESCRIPTION= （ADDRESS=（PROTOCOL=tcp）（HOST=192.168.115.110）（PORT=1521）））"*.log_archive_config="DG_CONFIG=（ORCL,ORCLDG）"*.log_archive_dest_1="LOCATION=+FRA VALID_FOR=（ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES） DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCL"*.log_archive_dest_2="SERVICE=ORCLDG LGWR ASYNC REOPEN NET_TIMEOUT=300 VALID_FOR=（ONLINE_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE） DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCLDG"*.log_archive_dest_state_1="ENABLE"*.log_archive_dest_state_2="ENABLE"*.log_archive_format="ora%t_%s_%r.log"*.log_file_name_convert="/oradata/orcldg/orl/","+DATA/orcl/SRL/"*.open_cursors=300*.pga_aggregate_target=157286400*.processes=150*.remote_listener="scan:1521"*.remote_login_passwordfile="exclusive"*.sga_target=471859200*.standby_file_management="AUTO"orcl2.thread=2orcl1.thread=1orcl1.undo_tablespace="UNDOTBS1"orcl2.undo_tablespace="UNDOTBS2"
修改后:*.audit_file_dest="/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcldg/adump"*.audit_trail="db"*.cluster_database=TRUE*.compatible="11.2.0.4.0"*.control_files="/oradata/orcldg/controlfile/ctrlfile01.ctl","/fra/orcldg/controlfile/ctrlfile02.ctl"*.db_block_size=8192*.db_create_file_dest="/oradata/orcldg/datafile/"*.db_domain=""*.db_file_name_convert="+DATA/orcl/datafile/","/oradata/orcldg/datafile/"*.db_name="orcl"*.diagnostic_dest="/u01/app/oracle"*.dispatchers="（PROTOCOL=TCP） （SERVICE=orcldgXDB）"*.fal_server="orcl1","orcl2"*.log_archive_config="DG_CONFIG=（ORCL,ORCLDG）"*.log_archive_dest_1="LOCATION=+FRA VALID_FOR=（ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES） DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCLDG"*.log_archive_dest_2="SERVICE=ORCL LGWR ASYNC REOPEN NET_TIMEOUT=300 VALID_FOR=（ONLINE_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE） DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ORCL"*.log_archive_dest_state_1="ENABLE"*.log_archive_dest_state_2="ENABLE"*.log_archive_format="ora%t_%s_%r.log"*.log_file_name_convert="+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/","/oradata/orcldg/orl/",*.open_cursors=300*.pga_aggregate_target=157286400*.processes=150*.remote_login_passwordfile="exclusive"*.sga_target=471859200*.standby_file_management="AUTO"*.service_name="orcldg"*.db_unique_name="orcldg" 注意db_name不要改,改了之后,加载配置文件后使用RMAN恢复,会报db_name不一致的错误 2. 使用pfile启动备库$ export ORACLE_SID=orcldg$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> create spfile from pfile="/home/oracle/pfile.ora";SQL> startup nomount;哪里参数错了就改哪里 然后测试一下主备库的连通性,主库:sqlplus /nologconn sys/oracle@orcldg as sysdba 备库:sqlplus /nologconn sys/oracle@orcl as sysdbaconn sys/oracle@orcl1 as sysdbaconn sys/oracle@orcl2 as sysdba
都能成功就对了,假如不能成功,回去检查监听和tns解析
6. 创建上面提到的目录,包括:
control_files目录db_create_file_dest db_file_name_convert中所包含的本地的目录,也就是本地数据文件目录log_file_name_convert中所包含的本地的目录,也就是本地online redo目录推荐创建个standby redolog目录,创建standby logfile的时候放在此处,更便于管理 注意所有目录都需要chown oracle:oinstall
7. 备份
注意:11g可以使用RMAN duplicate进行复制,但是本人多次都失败了...此处使用笨方法,RMAN备份还原1. 在主库上备份数据文件和控制文件run {allocate channel c1 type disk;allocate channel c2 type disk;allocate channel c3 type disk;backup incremental level 0 format "/home/oracle/rmanbackup/orcl_full_%U" database;backup format "/home/oracle/rmanbackup/orcl_full_stanctf_%U" current controlfile for standby;release channel c1;release channel c2;release channel c3;}
8. 恢复
1. 主库将备份传输到备库上scp orcl_full_* orcldg:/home/oracle/rmanbackup/ 2. RMAN恢复RMAN target/RMAN> restore standby controlfile from "/home/oracle/backup/orcl_full_stanctf_XXXXXX";RMAN> alter database mount;RMAN> catalog start with "/home/oracle/backup/orcl_full_";RMAN> run {allocate channel d1 type disk;allocate channel d2 type disk;allocate channel d3 type disk;restore database;release channel d1;release channel d2;release channel d3;} 解释:1. 恢复控制文件到spfile指定的位置;2. alter database mount;3. 创建RMAN恢复目录册 catalog,这样RMAN知道了所有备份的位置,下面才能直接restore database;
9. 创建standby redolog
1. 主端创建standby redolog --为了主备切换
standby redolog文件只是在备库上有用,是用来同步主库的online redo的,主库的时候是不起作用的但是为了主备切换的流畅,我们一样需要在主库上进行设置 1. 查看日志分组信息和大小信息SQL> col status format a10;SQL> select thread#, GROUP#,SEQUENCE#,BYTES/1024/1024,STATUS,FIRST_TIME from v$log;
SQL> col status format a10;SQL> select thread#, GROUP#,SEQUENCE#,BYTES/1024/1024,STATUS,FIRST_TIME from v$log;THREAD# GROUP# SEQUENCE# BYTES/1024/1024 STATUS FIRST_TIM----------------------------------------------------------------1110850 CURRENT 13-OCT-161210650 INACTIVE 13-OCT-161310750 INACTIVE 13-OCT-162410550 INACTIVE 13-OCT-162510650 INACTIVE 13-OCT-162610750 CURRENT 13-OCT-166 rows selected.
查看日志文件信息SQL> set linesize 200SQL> col member format a50SQL> select * from v$logfile;
SQL>set linesize 200SQL> col member format a50SQL> select * from v$logfile;GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 ONLINE +DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.272.924777023 NO1 ONLINE +DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.271.924777027 NO1 ONLINE +FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.260.924777027 NO2 ONLINE +DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.270.924777065 NO2 ONLINE +DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.269.924777067 NO2 ONLINE +FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.259.924777067 NO3 ONLINE +DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.280.924777461 NO3 ONLINE +DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.281.924777463 NO3 ONLINE +FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.393.924777463 NO4 ONLINE +DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_4.262.924777517 NO4 ONLINE +DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_4.263.924777517 NOGROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_--------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 ONLINE +FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_4.394.924777519 NO5 ONLINE +DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_5.264.924777567 NO5 ONLINE +DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_5.265.924777567 NO5 ONLINE +FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_5.395.924777571 NO6 ONLINE +DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_6.286.924777631 NO6 ONLINE +DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_6.287.924777633 NO6 ONLINE +FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_6.396.924777633 NO18 rows selected.
得知:主库共两个线程,每个线程有三个日志组,每个日志组的日志大小有50M 2. 规划standby文件standby redolog文件的要求是1. 不能小于online redo日志文件大小2. 每个线程都要创建相对应的日志组3. 每个线程必须要比对面的多一个文件组 3. 执行添加也就是说:我需要创建2个线程,每个线程4个日志组,每个日志组50M （还可以更大,但是不能小）
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1GROUP 7（"+DATA/orcl/SRL/stdbyredo01.log"） SIZE 50M,GROUP 8（"+DATA/orcl/SRL/stdbyredo02.log"） SIZE 50M,GROUP 9（"+DATA/orcl/SRL/stdbyredo03.log"） SIZE 50M,GROUP 10（"+DATA/orcl/SRL/stdbyredo04.log"） SIZE 50M;ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2GROUP 11（"+DATA/orcl/SRL/stdbyredo05.log"） SIZE 50M,GROUP 12（"+DATA/orcl/SRL/stdbyredo06.log"） SIZE 50M,GROUP 13（"+DATA/orcl/SRL/stdbyredo07.log"） SIZE 50M,GROUP 14（"+DATA/orcl/SRL/stdbyredo08.log"） SIZE 50M;
2. 备端创建standby redolog
主备的online redo信息肯定是一样的还是根据上面的分析,和上面分析的是一样的你们需要根据自己的规划进行决定,有良好的规划是一个dba的基本能力
ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE THREAD 1GROUP 7（"/oradata/orcldg/srl/srl07.log"） SIZE 50M,GROUP 8（"/oradata/orcldg/srl/srl08.log"） SIZE 50M,GROUP 9（"/oradata/orcldg/srl/srl09.log"） SIZE 50M,GROUP 10（"/oradata/orcldg/srl/srl10.log"） SIZE 50M;ALTER DATABASE ADD standby LOGFILE THREAD 2GROUP 11（"/oradata/orcldg/srl/srl11.log"） SIZE 50M,GROUP 12（"/oradata/orcldg/srl/srl12.log"） SIZE 50M,GROUP 13（"/oradata/orcldg/srl/srl13.log"） SIZE 50M,GROUP 14（"/oradata/orcldg/srl/srl14.log"） SIZE 50M;
好了,standby redolog配置完成了
10. 跑归档使主备之间同步
备端恢复数据文件完成后，开启介质恢复进程，将主库的归档日志恢复到备库。备端启动恢复进程mrp0SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;备端查询是否有mrp0进程SELECT PROCESS, STATUS,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS, DELAY_MINS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;
SQL> SELECT PROCESS, STATUS,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS, DELAY_MINS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;PROCESS STATUS THREAD# SEQUENCE# BLOCK# BLOCKS DELAY_MINS------------------------------------------------------------------------
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