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HDU 3938 Portal(离线+Kruskal+并查集)2014-10-25 csdn shuangde800链接:

http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=3938

题目:

Problem DescriptionZLGG found a magic theory that the bigger banana the bigger banana peel .This important theory can help him make a portal in our universal. Unfortunately, making a pair of portals will cost min{T} energies. T in a path between point V and point U is the length of the longest edge in the path. There may be lots of paths between two points. Now ZLGG owned L energies and he want to know how many kind of path he could make.InputThere are multiple test cases. The first line of input contains three integer N, M and Q (1 < N ≤ 10,000, 0 < M ≤ 50,000, 0 < Q ≤ 10,000). N is the number of points, M is the number of edges and Q is the number of queries. Each of the next M lines contains three integers a, b, and c (1 ≤ a, b ≤ N, 0 ≤ c ≤ 10^8) describing an edge connecting the point a and b with cost c. Each of the following Q lines contain a single integer L (0 ≤ L ≤ 10^8).OutputOutput the answer to each query on a separate line.Sample Input

10 10 107 2 16 8 34 5 85 8 22 8 96 4 52 1 58 10 57 3 77 8 810615918276
Sample Output

36131133613621613
分析与总结:

做这题学到了什么是“离线算法”的概念。所谓“离线”,就是把所有的数据都输入之后再计算,“在线”就是边输入边计算。

用在这题中,是因为输入中的“询问部分”,有Q 个问,每个L可以有多少种不同路径。由于大的L必定会包含到小的L, 所以把所有问题都输入,再从大到小排序,再计算,可以减少很多计算量。

本栏目更多精彩内容:http://www.bianceng.cn/Programming/sjjg/

这题还需要用到的是并查集中的“权值”, 用rank数组表示,也就是某个棵树k有rank【k】个结点。同一个树之间的点都是连通的,任何点都可以通往其它的任意点, 那么当两颗树合并成一棵树时, 将会增加rank[a]*rank[b]条路径。

代码:

#include<cstdio>#include<algorithm>using namespace std;#define N 10005int f[N], rank[N], ans[N], n, m, Q;struct Edge{int u, v, val;friend bool operator < (const Edge&a,const Edge&b){return a.val < b.val;}}arr[N*5];struct Query{int id, L;friend bool operator<(const Query&a,const Query&b){return a.L<b.L;}}q[N];void init(){for(int i=0; i<=n; ++i)f[i]=i, rank[i]=1;}int find(int x){int i, j=x;while(j!=f[j]) j=f[j];while(x!=j){ i=f[x]; f[x]=j; x=i; }return j;}int Union(int x,int y){int a=find(x), b=find(y);if(a==b) return 0;int t=rank[a]*rank[b];rank[a] += rank[b];f[b] = a;return t;}int main(){while(~scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&Q)){for(int i=0; i<m; ++i) scanf("%d%d%d",&arr[i].u,&arr[i].v,&arr[i].val);for(int i=0; i<Q; ++i) scanf("%d",&q[i].L), q[i].id=i;sort(arr,arr+m);sort(q,q+Q);int cnt=0, j=0;init();for(int i=0; i<Q; ++i){while(j<m && arr[j].val<=q[i].L){cnt += Union(arr[j].u, arr[j].v);++j;}ans[q[i].id] = cnt;}for(int i=0; i<Q; ++i)printf("%d
", ans[i]);}return 0;}