数据结构的C++实现之队列的链式存储结构2013-08-13 csdn Simba888888队列的链式存储结构,其实就是线性表的单链表,只不过它只能尾进头出而已,我们把它简称为链队列。为了操作上的方便,我们将队头指针指向链队列的头节点,而队尾指针指向终端节点。空队列时,front和rear都指向头节点。

示例程序:(改变自《大话数据结构》)
#include<iostream>using namespace std;typedef int ElemType;typedef struct Node{ElemType data;struct Node *next;} Node, *NodePtr;typedef struct{NodePtr front;/* 队头、队尾指针 */NodePtr rear;} LinkQueue;/* 构造一个空队列 */bool InitQueue(LinkQueue *Lp){cout << "Init Queue ..." << endl;NodePtr p = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(Node));p->next = NULL;Lp->front = Lp->rear = p;return true;}/* 销毁队列,包括头节点 */bool DestroyQueue(LinkQueue *Lp){cout << "Destroy Queue ..." << endl;while (Lp->front){Lp->rear = Lp->front->next;free(Lp->front);Lp->front = Lp->rear;}return true;}/* 清为空队列,保留头节点 */bool ClearQueue(LinkQueue *Lp){cout << "Clear Queue ..." << endl;NodePtr p = Lp->front->next;Lp->front->next = NULL;Lp->rear = Lp->front;NodePtr q;while (p){q = p->next;free(p);p = q;}return true;}bool QueueEmpty(LinkQueue LQ){return LQ.front == LQ.rear;}int QueueLength(LinkQueue LQ){int i = 0;if (LQ.front == NULL)return 0;NodePtr p = LQ.front->next;while (p){++i;p = p->next;}return i;}bool GetHead(LinkQueue LQ, ElemType *pe){NodePtr p;if (LQ.front == LQ.rear)return false;p = LQ.front->next;*pe = p->data;cout << "Get Head Item : " << *pe << endl;return true;}/* 插入元素Elem为队列的新的队尾元素 */bool EnQueue(LinkQueue *Lp, ElemType Elem){cout << "EnQueue Item " << Elem << endl;NodePtr s = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(Node));s->data = Elem;s->next = NULL;Lp->rear->next = s;Lp->rear = s;return true;}/*删除队列的队头元素,用*pe返回其值 */bool DeQueue(LinkQueue *Lp, ElemType *pe){if (Lp->front == Lp->rear)return false;NodePtr p = Lp->front->next;*pe = p->data;cout << "DeQueue Item " << *pe << endl;Lp->front->next = p->next;if (Lp->rear == p)/* 若队头就是队尾,则删除后将rear指向头结点*/Lp->rear = Lp->front;free(p);return true;}/* 从队头到队尾依次对队列中每个元素输出 */bool QueueTraverse(LinkQueue LQ){cout << "Queue Traverse ..." << endl;NodePtr p = LQ.front->next;while (p){cout << p->data << " ";p = p->next;}cout << endl;return true;}int main(void){LinkQueue LQ;InitQueue(&LQ);for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)EnQueue(&LQ, i);QueueTraverse(LQ);int result;GetHead(LQ, &result);DeQueue(&LQ, &result);QueueTraverse(LQ);if (!QueueEmpty(LQ))cout << "Queue Length : " << QueueLength(LQ) << endl;/*ClearQueue(&LQ);*/DestroyQueue(&LQ);cout << "Queue Length : " << QueueLength(LQ) << endl;return 0;}
输出为:

总的来说,如果可以确定队列的最大值,建议用循环队列,如果不能预估队列的长度,则用链队列。