Shell脚本中执行sql语句操作mysql的5种方法

对于自动化运维，诸如备份恢复之类的，DBA经常需要将SQL语句封装到shell脚本。本文描述了在Linux环境下mysql数据库中，shell脚本下调用sql语句的几种方法，供大家参考。对于脚本输出的结果美化，需要进一步完善和调整。以下为具体的示例及其方法。
1、将SQL语句直接嵌入到shell脚本文件中
复制代码代码如下:
--演示环境
[root@SZDB ~]# more /etc/issue
CentOS release 5.9 （Final）
Kernel on an m

root@localhost[（none）]> show variables like "version";
+---------------+------------+
| Variable_name | Value      |
+---------------+------------+
| version       | 5.6.12-log |
+---------------+------------+

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql1.sh
#！/bin/bash
# Define log
TIMESTAMP=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`
LOG=call_sql_${TIMESTAMP}.log
echo "Start execute sql statement at `date`." >>${LOG}

# execute sql stat
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "
tee /tmp/temp.log
drop database if exists tempdb;
create database tempdb;
use tempdb
create table if not exists tb_tmp（id smallint,val varchar（20））;
insert into tb_tmp values （1,"jack"）,（2,"robin"）,（3,"mark"）;
select * from tb_tmp;
notee
quit"

echo -e " ">>${LOG}
echo "below is output result.">>${LOG}
cat /tmp/temp.log>>${LOG}
echo "script executed successful.">>${LOG}
exit;

[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql1.sh
Logging to file "/tmp/temp.log"
+------+-------+
| id   | val   |
+------+-------+
|    1 | jack |
|    2 | robin |
|    3 | mark |
+------+-------+
Outfile disabled.

2、命令行调用单独的SQL文件
复制代码代码如下:
[root@SZDB ~]# more temp.sql
tee /tmp/temp.log
drop database if exists tempdb;
create database tempdb;
use tempdb
create table if not exists tb_tmp（id smallint,val varchar（20））;
insert into tb_tmp values （1,"jack"）,（2,"robin"）,（3,"mark"）;
select * from tb_tmp;
notee

[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "source /root/temp.sql"
Logging to file "/tmp/temp.log"
+------+-------+
| id   | val   |
+------+-------+
|    1 | jack |
|    2 | robin |
|    3 | mark |
+------+-------+
Outfile disabled.

3、使用管道符调用SQL文件
复制代码代码如下:
[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 </root/temp.sql
Logging to file "/tmp/temp.log"
id      val
1       jack
2       robin
3       mark
Outfile disabled.

#使用管道符调用SQL文件以及输出日志
[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 </root/temp.sql >/tmp/temp.log
[root@SZDB ~]# more /tmp/temp.log
Logging to file "/tmp/temp.log"
id      val
1       jack
2       robin
3       mark
Outfile disabled.

4、shell脚本中MySQL提示符下调用SQL
复制代码代码如下:
[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql2.sh
#！/bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p123456 <<EOF
source /root/temp.sql;
select current_date（）;
delete from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=3;
select * from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=2;
EOF
exit;
[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql2.sh
Logging to file "/tmp/temp.log"
id      val
1       jack
2       robin
3       mark
Outfile disabled.
current_date（）
2014-10-14
id      val
2       robin

5、shell脚本中变量输入与输出
复制代码代码如下:
[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql3.sh
#！/bin/bash
cmd="select count（*） from tempdb.tb_tmp"
cnt=$（mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}"）
echo "Current count is : ${cnt}"
exit
[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql3.sh
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Current count is : 3

[root@SZDB ~]# echo "select count（*） from tempdb.tb_tmp"|mysql -uroot -p123456 -s
3

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql4.sh
#！/bin/bash
id=1
cmd="select count（*） from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=${id}"
cnt=$（mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}"）
echo "Current count is : ${cnt}"
exit

[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql4.sh
Current count is : 1

#以上脚本演示中，作抛砖引玉只用，对于输出的结果不是很规整友好，需要进一步改善和提高。