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Sql Server中操作表及表结构的Select合集2015-02-121.增加字段alter table docdsp add dspcodechar(200)2.删除字段ALTER TABLE table_NAME DROP COLUMNcolumn_NAME3.修改字段类型ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER COLUMNcolumn_name new_data_type4.sp_rename 改名EXEC sp_rename "[dbo].[Table_1].[filedName1]", "filedName2", "COLUMN"更改当前数据库中用户创建对象(如表、列或用户定义数据类型)的名称。语法sp_rename [ @objname = ] "object_name" ,[ @newname = ] "new_name",分类信息; [ , [ @objtype =] "object_type" ]如:EXEC sp_rename "newname","PartStock"5.sp_help 显示表的一些基本情况sp_help "object_name"如:EXEC sp_help "PartStock"6.判断某一表PartStock中字段PartVelocity是否存在ifexists (select * from syscolumns whereid=object_id("PartStock") and name="PartVelocity")print"PartVelocity exists"else print "PartVelocity notexists"另法:判断表的存在性:select count(*) from sysobjects where type="U"and name="你的表名"判断字段的存在性:select count(*) from syscolumnswhereid = (select id from sysobjects where type="U" and name="你的表名")and name = "你要判断的字段名"一个小例子--假设要处理的表名为:tb--判断要添加列的表中是否有主键if exists(select 1 from sysobjects whereparent_obj=object_id("tb") and xtype="PK")beginprint"表中已经有主键,列只能做为普通列添加"--添加int类型的列,默认值为0alter table tb add 列名 int default0endelsebeginprint "表中无主键,添加主键列"--添加int类型的列,默认值为0altertable tb add 列名 int primary key default 0end7.随机读取若干条记录Access语法:SELECT top 10 * From 表名 ORDER BYRnd(id)Sql server:select top n * from 表名 order by newid()mysql select * From 表名 Order By rand() Limit n8.说明:日程安排提前五分钟提醒SQL:select * from 日程安排 where datediff(minute,f开始时间,getdate())>59.前10条记录select top 10 * form. table1 where 范围10.包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表(select afrom tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)11.说明:随机取出10条数据select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()12.列出数据库里所有的表名select name from sysobjects where type=U13.列出表里的所有的字段名select name from syscolumns whereid=object_id(TableName)14.说明:列示type、vender、pcs字段,以type字段排列,case可以方便地实现多重选择,类似select中的case。select type,sum(case vender when A then pcs else 0end),sum(case vender when C then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when B then pcselse 0 end) FROM tablename group by type15.说明:初始化表table1TRUNCATETABLE table116.说明:几个高级查询运算词A: UNION 运算符UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表(例如TABLE1 和 TABLE2)并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION 一起使用时(即 UNIONALL),不消除重复行。两种情况下,派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。B: EXCEPT 运算符EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL),不消除重复行。C: INTERSECT 运算符INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1 和 TABLE2中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECTALL),不消除重复行。注:使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。17.说明:在线视图查询(表名1:a )select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T wheret.a > 1;18.说明:between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括select * fromtable1 where time between time1 and time2select a,b,c, from table1where a not between 数值1 and 数值219.说明:in 的使用方法select * from table1 where a [not] in(‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)20.说明:两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息delete from table1 where not exists (select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1)21. 说明:复制表(只复制结构,源表名:a 新表名:b) (Access可用)法一:select * into b from awhere 1<>1法二:select top 0 * into b from a22.说明:拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名:a 目标表名:b) (Access可用)insert into b(a, b, c)select d,e,f from b;23.说明:跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)insert into b(a, b, c)select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件例子:..from b in"&Server.MapPath(".")&"data.mdb" &" where..24.创建数据库CREATE DATABASE database-name25.说明:删除数据库drop database dbname26.说明:备份sql server--- 创建备份数据的 deviceUSE masterEXEC sp_addumpdevice disk, testBack,c:mssql7backupMyNwind_1.dat--- 开始 备份BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack27.说明:创建新表create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primarykey],col2 type2 [not null],..)根据已有的表创建新表:A:create table tab_newlike tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)B:create table tab_new as select col1,col2…from tab_old definition only28.说明:删除新表:drop table tabname29.说明:增加一个列:Alter table tabname add column coltype注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。30.说明:添加主键:Alter table tabname add primary key(col)说明:删除主键:Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)31.说明:创建索引:create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)删除索引:drop index idxname注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。32.说明:创建视图:create view viewname as select statement删除视图:drop viewviewname33.说明:几个简单的基本的sql语句选择:select * from table1 where 范围插入:insert intotable1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)删除:delete from table1 where范围更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围查找:select * from table1where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的语法很精妙,查资料!排序:select * from table1order by field1,field2 [desc]总数:select count * as totalcount fromtable1求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1平均:selectavg(field1) as avgvalue from table1最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue fromtable1最小:select min(field1) as minvalue from table1