通过WPF绑定的ListBox获取ListBoxItem及GoToState应用2015-01-30现公司项目中需要制作一个扇形菜单,菜单项是用ListBox重写Style实现的,其数据是绑定的。菜单的每一项都有Normal,MouseOver和Selected三种状态,这三种状态当然可以通过鼠标移动和点击控制,但现在要通过代码来改变控件外观实现三种状态切换,该如何处理呢?
1.WPF绑定的ListBox获取ListBoxItemWPF中如果ListBox的ItemSource为绑定的,则ListBox.Items为绑定的数据源,而非ListBoxItem。如果直接通过如下代码会发现无法获取ListBoxItem:
var listBoxItem = ListBox1.Items[0] as List1BoxItem;
这时提示listBoxItem为null,那该如何获取到ListBoxItem呢?这时就用到了ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(int index)方法,该方法返回对应于 System.Windows.Controls.ItemCollection 中指定索引项的元素:
var listBoxItem = ListBox1.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromIndex(0) as FrameworkElement;
这次就获取到了ListBox1中第一个listBoxItem。
2.WPF中的手动控制控件外观变化如何在不移动鼠标的情况下触发ListBoxItem的MouseOver状态发生呢?这时就利用到了VisualStateManager.GoToState(FrameworkElement control, string stateName, bool useTransitions)方法。该方法可以使控件在两个状态间随意转换:首先,为项目中的ListBoxItem自定义一个Style,其包含Normal和MouseOver两种状态:
<Style x:Key="ListBoxItemStyle1" TargetType="{x:Type ListBoxItem}"><Setter Property="Template"><Setter.Value><ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ListBoxItem}"><Grid><VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups><VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates"><VisualState x:Name="Normal"><Storyboard><ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Shape.Fill).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" Storyboard.TargetName="rectangle"><EasingColorKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="#FF5CFD30" /></ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames></Storyboard></VisualState><VisualState x:Name="MouseOver"><Storyboard><ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Shape.Fill).(SolidColorBrush.Color)" Storyboard.TargetName="rectangle"><EasingColorKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="#FF29B5B8" /></ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames></Storyboard></VisualState><VisualState x:Name="Disabled" /></VisualStateGroup></VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups><Rectangle x:Name="rectangle" Fill="#FF5AFB2E" Stroke="Black" /><TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Center" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="{TemplateBinding Content}" VerticalAlignment="Center" /></Grid></ControlTemplate></Setter.Value></Setter></Style>
为ListBox1应用样式,绑定数据源,拖出两个button分别用于设置ListBoxItem的状态:
<Grid><ListBox x:Name="ListBox1" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="100" Margin="57,45,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="100" ItemsSource="{Binding MenuList}" ItemContainerStyle="{DynamicResource ListBoxItemStyle1}" d:LayoutOverrides="HorizontalAlignment, VerticalAlignment" /><Button x:Name="btnMouseOver" Content="MouseOver" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="75,0,0,65.163" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Width="75" Click="btnMouseOver_Click" /><Button x:Name="btnNormal" Content="Normal" Margin="213,0,221,65.163" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Click="btnNormal_Click" /></Grid>