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有时候为了需要,会将数据库保存到外部存储或者SD卡中(对于这种情况可以通过加密数据来避免数据被破解),比如一个应用支持多个数据,每个数据都需要有一个对应的数据库,并且数据库中的信息量特别大时,这显然更应该将数据库保存在外部存储或者SD卡中,因为RAM的大小是有限的;其次在写某些测试程序时将数据库保存在SD卡更方便查看数据库中的内容。
Android通过SQLiteOpenHelper创建数据库时默认是将数据库保存在"/data/data/应用程序名/databases"目录下的,只需要在继承SQLiteOpenHelper类的构造函数中传入数据库名称就可以了,但如果将数据库保存到指定的路径下面,都需要通过重写继承SQLiteOpenHelper类的构造函数中的context,因为:在阅读SQLiteOpenHelper.java的源码时会发现:创建数据库都是通过Context的openOrCreateDatabase方法实现的,如果我们需要在指定的路径下创建数据库,就需要写一个类继承Context,并复写其openOrCreateDatabase方法,在openOrCreateDatabase方法中指定数据库存储的路径即可,下面为类SQLiteOpenHelper中getWritableDatabase和getReadableDatabase方法的源码,SQLiteOpenHelper就是通过这两个方法来创建数据库的。
/*** Create and/or open a database that will be used for reading and writing.* The first time this is called, the database will be opened and* {@link #onCreate}, {@link #onUpgrade} and/or {@link #onOpen} will be* called.** <p>Once opened successfully, the database is cached, so you can* call this method every time you need to write to the database.* (Make sure to call {@link #close} when you no longer need the database.)* Errors such as bad permissions or a full disk may cause this method* to fail, but future attempts may succeed if the problem is fixed.</p>** <p class="caution">Database upgrade may take a long time, you* should not call this method from the application main thread, including* from {@link android.content.ContentProvider#onCreate ContentProvider.onCreate()}.** @throws SQLiteException if the database cannot be opened for writing* @return a read/write database object valid until {@link #close} is called*/ public synchronized SQLiteDatabase getWritableDatabase() {if (mDatabase != null) { if (!mDatabase.isOpen()) {// darn! the user closed the database by calling mDatabase.close()mDatabase = null; } else if (!mDatabase.isReadOnly()) {return mDatabase; // The database is already open for business }}if (mIsInitializing) { throw new IllegalStateException("getWritableDatabase called recursively");}// If we have a read-only database open, someone could be using it// (though they shouldn"t), which would cause a lock to be held on// the file, and our attempts to open the database read-write would// fail waiting for the file lock. To prevent that, we acquire the// lock on the read-only database, which shuts out other users.boolean success = false;SQLiteDatabase db = null;if (mDatabase != null) mDatabase.lock();try { mIsInitializing = true; if (mName == null) {db = SQLiteDatabase.create(null); } else {db = mContext.openOrCreateDatabase(mName, 0, mFactory, mErrorHandler); } int version = db.getVersion(); if (version != mNewVersion) {db.beginTransaction();try { if (version == 0) {onCreate(db); } else {if (version > mNewVersion) { onDowngrade(db, version, mNewVersion);} else { onUpgrade(db, version, mNewVersion);} } db.setVersion(mNewVersion); db.setTransactionSuccessful();} finally { db.endTransaction();} } onOpen(db); success = true; return db;} finally { mIsInitializing = false; if (success) {if (mDatabase != null) { try { mDatabase.close(); } catch (Exception e) { } mDatabase.unlock();}mDatabase = db; } else {if (mDatabase != null) mDatabase.unlock();if (db != null) db.close(); }} } /*** Create and/or open a database. This will be the same object returned by* {@link #getWritableDatabase} unless some problem, such as a full disk,* requires the database to be opened read-only. In that case, a read-only* database object will be returned. If the problem is fixed, a future call* to {@link #getWritableDatabase} may succeed, in which case the read-only* database object will be closed and the read/write object will be returned* in the future.** <p class="caution">Like {@link #getWritableDatabase}, this method may* take a long time to return, so you should not call it from the* application main thread, including from* {@link android.content.ContentProvider#onCreate ContentProvider.onCreate()}.** @throws SQLiteException if the database cannot be opened* @return a database object valid until {@link #getWritableDatabase}* or {@link #close} is called.*/ public synchronized SQLiteDatabase getReadableDatabase() {if (mDatabase != null) { if (!mDatabase.isOpen()) {// darn! the user closed the database by calling mDatabase.close()mDatabase = null; } else {return mDatabase; // The database is already open for business }}if (mIsInitializing) { throw new IllegalStateException("getReadableDatabase called recursively");}try { return getWritableDatabase();} catch (SQLiteException e) { if (mName == null) throw e; // Can"t open a temp database read-only! Log.e(TAG, "Couldn"t open " + mName + " for writing (will try read-only):", e);}SQLiteDatabase db = null;try { mIsInitializing = true; String path = mContext.getDatabasePath(mName).getPath(); db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(path, mFactory, SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY, mErrorHandler); if (db.getVersion() != mNewVersion) {throw new SQLiteException("Can"t upgrade read-only database from version " +db.getVersion() + " to " + mNewVersion + ": " + path); } onOpen(db); Log.w(TAG, "Opened " + mName + " in read-only mode"); mDatabase = db; return mDatabase;} finally { mIsInitializing = false; if (db != null && db != mDatabase) db.close();} }
通过上面的分析可以写出一个自定义的Context类,该类继承Context即可,但由于Context中有除了openOrCreateDatabase方法以外的其它抽象函数,所以建议使用非抽象类ContextWrapper,该类继承自Context,自定义的DatabaseContext类源码如下:
public class DatabaseContext extends ContextWrapper { public DatabaseContext(Context context){super( context ); } /*** 获得数据库路径,如果不存在,则创建对象对象* @param name* @param mode* @param factory*/ @Override public File getDatabasePath(String name) {//判断是否存在sd卡boolean sdExist = android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState());if(!sdExist){//如果不存在, return null;}else{//如果存在 //获取sd卡路径 String dbDir= FileUtils.getFlashBPath(); dbDir += "DB";//数据库所在目录 String dbPath = dbDir+"/"+name;//数据库路径 //判断目录是否存在,不存在则创建该目录 File dirFile = new File(dbDir); if(!dirFile.exists()){dirFile.mkdirs(); } //数据库文件是否创建成功 boolean isFileCreateSuccess = false;//判断文件是否存在,不存在则创建该文件 File dbFile = new File(dbPath); if(!dbFile.exists()){try {isFileCreateSuccess = dbFile.createNewFile();//创建文件} catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace();} }else{isFileCreateSuccess = true; } //返回数据库文件对象 if(isFileCreateSuccess){return dbFile; }else{return null; }} } /*** 重载这个方法,是用来打开SD卡上的数据库的,android 2.3及以下会调用这个方法。* * @param name* @param mode* @param factory*/ @Override public SQLiteDatabase openOrCreateDatabase(String name, int mode, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory) {SQLiteDatabase result = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(getDatabasePath(name), null);return result; } /*** Android 4.0会调用此方法获取数据库。* * @see android.content.ContextWrapper#openOrCreateDatabase(java.lang.String, int, * android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory,* android.database.DatabaseErrorHandler)* @param name* @param mode* @param factory* @param errorHandler*/ @Override public SQLiteDatabase openOrCreateDatabase(String name, int mode, CursorFactory factory, DatabaseErrorHandler errorHandler) {SQLiteDatabase result = SQLiteDatabase.openOrCreateDatabase(getDatabasePath(name), null);return result; }}
在继承SQLiteOpenHelper的子类的构造函数中,用DatabaseContext的实例替代context即可:
DatabaseContext dbContext = new DatabaseContext(context);super(dbContext, mDatabaseName, null, VERSION);
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