界面很简单,就一个按钮“批量下载文章”,通过该Activity上的按钮启动DownloadService。
代码如下:
package com.ispring.startservicedemo;import android.app.IntentService;import android.content.Intent;import android.util.Log;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.MalformedURLException;import java.net.URL;public class DownloadIntentService extends IntentService { public DownloadIntentService(){super("Download");Log.i("DemoLog", "DownloadIntentService构造函数, Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName()); } @Override public void onCreate() {super.onCreate();Log.i("DemoLog", "DownloadIntentService -> onCreate, Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName()); } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {Log.i("DemoLog", "DownloadIntentService -> onStartCommand, Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " , startId: " + startId);return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } @Override protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {HttpURLConnection conn = null;InputStream is = null;String blogUrl = intent.getStringExtra("url");String blogName = intent.getStringExtra("name");try{ //下载指定的文件 URL url = new URL(blogUrl); conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); if(conn != null){//我们在此处得到所下载文章的输入流,可以将其以文件的形式写入到存储卡上面或//将其读取出文本显示在App中is = conn.getInputStream(); }}catch (MalformedURLException e){ e.printStackTrace();}catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace();}finally { if(conn != null){conn.disconnect(); }}Log.i("DemoLog", "DownloadIntentService -> onHandleIntent, Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", 《" + blogName + "》下载完成"); } @Override public void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();Log.i("DemoLog", "DownloadIntentService -> onDestroy, Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName()); }}DownloadActivity的代码如下:
package com.ispring.startservicedemo;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;public class DownloadActivity extends Activity implements Button.OnClickListener { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_download); } @Override public void onClick(View v) {List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();list.add("Android通过startService播放背景音乐;http://www.jb51.net/article/76479.htm");Iterator iterator = list.iterator();while (iterator.hasNext()){ String str = (String)iterator.next(); String[] splits = str.split(";"); String name = splits[0]; String url = splits[1]; Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadIntentService.class); intent.putExtra("name", name); intent.putExtra("url", url); //启动IntentService startService(intent);} }}当我们单击了按钮“批量下载文章”时,我们会多次调用Activity的startService方法,其中我们在其参数intent中存储了文章名name以及文章的地址url,由于我们多次调用了startService方法,所以会批量下载文章。
通过以上的输出结果我们可以发现,DownloadIntentService的onCreate、onStartCommand、onDestroy回调方法都是运行在主线程中的,而onHandleIntent是运行在工作线程IntentService[Download]中的,这验证了我们上面所说的IntentService的第一个和第二个特点。
通过上面的输出结果我们还会发现,在我们连续调用了五次startService(intent)之后,onStartCommand依次被调用了五次,然后依次执行了onHandleIntent五次,这样就依次完成了job,当最后一个job完成,也就是在最后一次onHandleIntent调用完成之后,整个IntentService的工作都完成,执行onDestroy回调方法,IntentService销毁。
IntentService工作原理及源码解析
在上面我们已经介绍了IntentService的特点以及如何使用,那么你可能会疑问Android是如何将调度这些intent将其传入onHandleIntent完成工作的,其实IntentService的工作原理很简单,将intent转换为Message并放到消息队列中,然后让Handler依次从中取出Message对其进行处理。
IntentService的源码如下:
package android.app;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.HandlerThread;import android.os.IBinder;import android.os.Looper;import android.os.Message;public abstract class IntentService extends Service { private volatile Looper mServiceLooper; private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler; private String mName; private boolean mRedelivery; private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) { super(looper);}@Overridepublic void handleMessage(Message msg) { //在工作线程中调用onHandleIntent,确保onHandleIntent不会阻塞主线程 onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj); //在执行完了onHandleIntent之后,我们需要调用stopSelf(startId)声明某个job完成了 //当所有job完成的时候,Android就会回调onDestroy方法,销毁IntentService stopSelf(msg.arg1);} } public IntentService(String name) {//此处的name将用作线程名称super();mName = name; } public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {mRedelivery = enabled; } @Override public void onCreate() {super.onCreate();//创建HandlerThread,利用mName作为线程名称,HandlerThread是IntentService的工作线程HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");thread.start();mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();//将创建的HandlerThread所绑定的looper对象传递给ServiceHandler,//这样我们创建的Handler就和HandlerThread通过消息队列绑定在了一起mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper); } @Override public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {//在此方法中创建Message对象,并将intent作为Message的obj参数,//这样Message与Intent就关联起来了Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();msg.arg1 = startId;msg.obj = intent;//将关联了Intent信息的Message发送给HandlermServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg); } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {//IntentService重写了onStartCommand回调方法:在内部调用onStart回调方法//所以我们在继承IntentService时,不应该再覆写该方法,即便覆盖该方法,我们也应该调用super.onStartCommand()onStart(intent, startId);return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY; } @Override public void onDestroy() {//在onDestroy方法中调用了Handler的quit方法,该方法会终止消息循环mServiceLooper.quit(); } @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {return null; } protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);}我对上面的代码已经加了很多注释,相信大家直接看代码就能理解IntentService是如何运作的了。