我们已经看到使用WHERE子句的SQL SELECT命令来从MySQL表获取数据。但是,当我们试图给的条件比较字段或列的值为NULL,它不能正常工作。
为了处理这种情况,MySQL提供了三大运算符
- IS NULL: 此运算符返回true,当列的值是NULL。
- IS NOT NULL: 运算符返回true,当列的值不是NULL。
- <=> 操作符比较值(不同于=运算符)为ture,即使两个NULL值
涉及NULL条件是特殊的。不能使用 =NULL 或 !=NULL 寻找NULL值的列。这种比较总是告诉他们是否是真正的失败,因为这是不可能的。即使是NULL=NULL失败。
如果要查找是或不是NULL的列,请使用IS NULL或IS NOT NULL。
在命令提示符下使用NULL值:假设一个表tcount_tbl,它包含了两个的列stutorial_author和tutorial_count,其中一个tutorial_count为NULL 表示的值是未知的
例子:
试试下面的例子:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password;Enter password:*******mysql> use TUTORIALS;Database changedmysql> create table tcount_tbl-> (-> tutorial_author varchar(40) NOT NULL,-> tutorial_count INT-> );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl-> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ("mahran", 20);mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl-> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ("mahnaz", NULL);mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl-> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ("Jen", NULL);mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl-> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ("Gill", 20);mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl;+-----------------+----------------+| tutorial_author | tutorial_count |+-----------------+----------------+| mahran | 20 || mahnaz |NULL || Jen |NULL || Gill| 20 |+-----------------+----------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
可以看到=和!=不使用NULL值,如下所示:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count = NULL;Empty set (0.00 sec)mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count != NULL;Empty set (0.01 sec)
要找到,其中tutorial_count列是或不是NULL的记录,查询应该这样写:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NULL;+-----------------+----------------+| tutorial_author | tutorial_count |+-----------------+----------------+| mahnaz |NULL || Jen |NULL |+-----------------+----------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl -> WHERE tutorial_count IS NOT NULL;+-----------------+----------------+| tutorial_author | tutorial_count |+-----------------+----------------+| mahran | 20 || Gill| 20 |+-----------------+----------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
PHP脚本处理NULL值:可以使用IF ... ELSE条件准备的基础上操作NULL值的查询。
例子:
下面的示例tutorial_count从外部,然后它与可在表中的值进行比较。
<?php$dbhost = "localhost:3036";$dbuser = "root";$dbpass = "rootpassword";$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);if(! $conn ){ die("Could not connect: " . mysql_error());}if( isset($tutorial_count )){$sql = "SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_countFROM tcount_tblWHERE tutorial_count = $tutorial_count";}else{$sql = "SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_countFROM tcount_tblWHERE tutorial_count IS $tutorial_count";}mysql_select_db("TUTORIALS");$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );if(! $retval ){ die("Could not get data: " . mysql_error());}while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC)){echo "Author:{$row["tutorial_author"]} <br> ". "Count: {$row["tutorial_count"]} <br> ". "--------------------------------<br>";} echo "Fetched data successfully
";mysql_close($conn);?>