C++中成员函数(member function)模板(template) 详解2014-11-20成员模板(member template) 既可以在普通类(ordinary class), 也可以在类模板(class template);在普通类中, 在使用成员函数时, 不用提供模板参数, 函数可以根据使用的参数,自动推导(deduce)模板实参(template argument)对应模板形参(template parameter);在类模板中, 成员函数的模板参数(template parameter)可以和类的模板参数不同, 但在定义(definition)中,必须添加两个模板参数列表(template parameter list), 第一个为类的, 第二个为成员函数的;代码如下:
/** cppprimer.cpp**Created on: 2013.11.24*Author: Caroline*//*eclipse cdt, gcc 4.8.1*/#include <iostream>#include <functional>#include <memory>#include <algorithm>#include <string>#include <vector>#include <deque>#include <iterator>//函数模板默认参数template <typename T, typename F = std::less<T>>int compare (const T &v1, const T &v2, F f = F()){if (f(v1, v2)) return -1;if (f(v2, v1)) return 1;return 0;}class DebugDelete {public:DebugDelete (std::ostream &s = std::cerr) : os (s) { }template <typename T> void operator() (T *p) const {os << "deleting unique_ptr" << std::endl; delete p;}private:std::ostream &os;};template <typename T> class Blob {public:template <typename It> Blob (It b, It e);/*template <typename It> Blob (It b, It e) { std::sort(b, e); }*/};template <typename T>template <typename It>Blob<T>::Blob (It b, It e) {std::sort(b, e); //容器需要允许被排序}int main (void) {std::cout << "compare (0, 42) = " << compare (0, 42) << std::endl;double* p = new double;DebugDelete d;d(p); //使用时, 可以自动推倒模板int* ip = new int;DebugDelete() (ip);std::unique_ptr<int, DebugDelete> pi (new int, DebugDelete());std::unique_ptr<std::string, DebugDelete> ps (new std::string, DebugDelete());int ia[] = {9, 8, 7, 6, 5};std::vector<long> vi = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0};std::deque<std::string> w = {"lady", "girl", "woman", "now"};Blob<int> a1(std::begin(ia), std::end(ia));Blob<int> a2(vi.begin(), vi.end());Blob<std::string> a3(w.begin(), w.end());std::cout << "int ia[] = ";for (const auto i : ia) { std::cout << i << " "; }std::cout << std::endl;std::cout << "std::vector<long> vi = ";for (const auto i : vi) { std::cout << i << " "; }std::cout << std::endl;std::cout << "std::list<const char*> w = ";for (const auto i : w) { std::cout << i << " "; }std::cout << std::endl;return 0;}
输出:
deleting unique_ptrdeleting unique_ptrdeleting unique_ptrdeleting unique_ptrcompare (0, 42) = -1int ia[] = 5 6 7 8 9 std::vector<long> vi = 0 1 2 3 4 5 std::list<const char*> w = girl lady now woman
作者:csdn博客 Spike_King