mRecyclerView = findView(R.id.id_recyclerview);//设置布局管理器mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(layout);//设置adaptermRecyclerView.setAdapter(adapter)//设置Item增加、移除动画mRecyclerView.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator());//添加分割线mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(getActivity(), DividerItemDecoration.HORIZONTAL_LIST));ok,相比较于ListView的代码,ListView可能只需要去设置一个adapter就能正常使用了。而RecyclerView基本需要上面一系列的步骤,那么为什么会添加这么多的步骤呢?
package com.zhy.sample.demo_recyclerview;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.ViewHolder;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;import android.widget.TextView;public class HomeActivity extends ActionBarActivity{ private RecyclerView mRecyclerView; private List<String> mDatas; private HomeAdapter mAdapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_single_recyclerview); initData(); mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.id_recyclerview); mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this)); mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter = new HomeAdapter()); } protected void initData() { mDatas = new ArrayList<String>(); for (int i = "A"; i < "z"; i++) {mDatas.add("" + (char) i); } } class HomeAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<HomeAdapter.MyViewHolder> { @Override public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {MyViewHolder holder = new MyViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from( HomeActivity.this).inflate(R.layout.item_home, parent, false));return holder; } @Override public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder holder, int position) {holder.tv.setText(mDatas.get(position)); } @Override public int getItemCount() {return mDatas.size(); } class MyViewHolder extends ViewHolder {TextView tv;public MyViewHolder(View view){super(view);tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.id_num);} } }}Activity的布局文件
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" > <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView android:id="@+id/id_recyclerview"android:divider="#ffff0000"android:dividerHeight="10dp" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" /></RelativeLayout>Item的布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:background="#44ff0000" android:layout_height="wrap_content" > <TextView android:id="@+id/id_num" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="50dp" android:gravity="center" android:text="1" /></FrameLayout>这么看起来用法与ListView的代码基本一致哈~~
看起来好丑,Item间应该有个分割线,当你去找时,你会发现RecyclerView并没有支持divider这样的属性。那么怎么办,你可以给Item的布局去设置margin,当然了这种方式不够优雅,我们文章开始说了,我们可以自由的去定制它,当然我们的分割线也是可以定制的。
ItemDecoration
我们可以通过该方法添加分割线:
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration()该方法的参数为RecyclerView.ItemDecoration,该类为抽象类,官方目前并没有提供默认的实现类(我觉得最好能提供几个)。
public static abstract class ItemDecoration {public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state) { onDraw(c, parent); }public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state) { onDrawOver(c, parent); }public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, State state) { getItemOffsets(outRect, ((LayoutParams) view.getLayoutParams()).getViewLayoutPosition(), parent);}@Deprecatedpublic void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition, RecyclerView parent) { outRect.set(0, 0, 0, 0); }当我们调用
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration()
方法添加decoration的时候,RecyclerView在绘制的时候,去会绘制decorator,即调用该类的onDraw和onDrawOver方法,RecyclerView.ItemDecoration
的实现类,该类很好的实现了RecyclerView添加分割线(当使用LayoutManager为LinearLayoutManager时)。 package com.zhy.sample.demo_recyclerview;/* * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * limitations under the License. */import android.content.Context;import android.content.res.TypedArray;import android.graphics.Canvas;import android.graphics.Rect;import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.State;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;/** * This class is from the v7 samples of the Android SDK. It"s not by me! * <p/> * See the license above for details. */public class DividerItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration { private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[]{ android.R.attr.listDivider }; public static final int HORIZONTAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL; public static final int VERTICAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL; private Drawable mDivider; private int mOrientation; public DividerItemDecoration(Context context, int orientation) {final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS);mDivider = a.getDrawable(0);a.recycle();setOrientation(orientation); } public void setOrientation(int orientation) {if (orientation != HORIZONTAL_LIST && orientation != VERTICAL_LIST) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid orientation");}mOrientation = orientation; } @Override public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {Log.v("recyclerview - itemdecoration", "onDraw()");if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) { drawVertical(c, parent);} else { drawHorizontal(c, parent);} } public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { final View child = parent.getChildAt(i); android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView v = new android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView(parent.getContext()); final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child .getLayoutParams(); final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin; final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight(); mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom); mDivider.draw(c);} } public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {final int top = parent.getPaddingTop();final int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom();final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { final View child = parent.getChildAt(i); final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child .getLayoutParams(); final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin; final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight(); mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom); mDivider.draw(c);} } @Override public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition, RecyclerView parent) {if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) { outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());} else { outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);} }}该实现类可以看到通过读取系统主题中的
android.R.attr.listDivider
作为Item间的分割线,并且支持横向和纵向。如果你不清楚它是怎么做到的读取系统的属性用于自身,请参考我的另一篇博文:Android 深入理解Android中的自定义属性getItemOffsets
中,outRect去设置了绘制的范围。onDraw中实现了真正的绘制。mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(this,DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL_LIST));ok,现在再运行,就可以看到分割线的效果了。
该分割线是系统默认的,你可以在theme.xml中找到该属性的使用情况。那么,使用系统的listDivider有什么好处呢?就是方便我们去随意的改变,该属性我们可以直接声明在:
<!-- Application theme. --> <style name="AppTheme" parent="AppBaseTheme"><item name="android:listDivider">@drawable/divider_bg</item></style>然后自己写个drawable即可,下面我们换一种分隔符:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:shape="rectangle" ><gradientandroid:centerColor="#ff00ff00"android:endColor="#ff0000ff"android:startColor="#ffff0000"android:type="linear" /><size android:height="4dp"/></shape>现在的样子是:
当然了,你可以根据自己的需求,去随意的绘制,反正是画出来的,随便玩~~
ok,看到这,你可能觉得,这玩意真尼玛麻烦,完全不能比拟的心爱的ListView。那么继续看。
LayoutManager
好了,上面实现了类似ListView样子的Demo,通过使用其默认的LinearLayoutManager。
RecyclerView.LayoutManager吧,这是一个抽象类,好在系统提供了3个实现类:
LinearLayoutManager 现行管理器,支持横向、纵向。GridLayoutManager 网格布局管理器StaggeredGridLayoutManager 瀑布就式布局管理器
上面我们已经初步体验了下LinearLayoutManager,接下来看GridLayoutManager。
GridLayoutManager
我们尝试去实现类似GridView,秒秒钟的事情:
//mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new GridLayoutManager(this,4));只需要修改LayoutManager即可,还是很nice的。
final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();因为每个Item一行,这样是没问题的。而GridLayoutManager时,一行有多个childItem,这样就多次绘制了,并且GridLayoutManager时,Item如果为最后一列(则右边无间隔线)或者为最后一行(底部无分割线)。
DividerGridItemDecoration
。package com.zhy.sample.demo_recyclerview;import android.content.Context;import android.content.res.TypedArray;import android.graphics.Canvas;import android.graphics.Rect;import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;import android.support.v7.widget.GridLayoutManager;import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.LayoutManager;import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.State;import android.support.v7.widget.StaggeredGridLayoutManager;import android.view.View;/** ** @author zhy **/public class DividerGridItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration{private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[] { android.R.attr.listDivider };private Drawable mDivider;public DividerGridItemDecoration(Context context){final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS);mDivider = a.getDrawable(0);a.recycle();}@Overridepublic void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state){drawHorizontal(c, parent);drawVertical(c, parent);}private int getSpanCount(RecyclerView parent){// 列数int spanCount = -1;LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager){spanCount = ((GridLayoutManager) layoutManager).getSpanCount();} else if (layoutManager instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager){spanCount = ((StaggeredGridLayoutManager) layoutManager).getSpanCount();}return spanCount;}public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent){int childCount = parent.getChildCount();for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++){final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();final int left = child.getLeft() - params.leftMargin;final int right = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin+ mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth();final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);mDivider.draw(c);}}public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent){final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++){final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();final int top = child.getTop() - params.topMargin;final int bottom = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth();mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);mDivider.draw(c);}}private boolean isLastColum(RecyclerView parent, int pos, int spanCount,int childCount){LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager){if ((pos + 1) % spanCount == 0)// 如果是最后一列,则不需要绘制右边{return true;}} else if (layoutManager instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager){int orientation = ((StaggeredGridLayoutManager) layoutManager).getOrientation();if (orientation == StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL){if ((pos + 1) % spanCount == 0)// 如果是最后一列,则不需要绘制右边{return true;}} else{childCount = childCount - childCount % spanCount;if (pos >= childCount)// 如果是最后一列,则不需要绘制右边return true;}}return false;}private boolean isLastRaw(RecyclerView parent, int pos, int spanCount,int childCount){LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager){childCount = childCount - childCount % spanCount;if (pos >= childCount)// 如果是最后一行,则不需要绘制底部return true;} else if (layoutManager instanceof StaggeredGridLayoutManager){int orientation = ((StaggeredGridLayoutManager) layoutManager).getOrientation();// StaggeredGridLayoutManager 且纵向滚动if (orientation == StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL){childCount = childCount - childCount % spanCount;// 如果是最后一行,则不需要绘制底部if (pos >= childCount)return true;} else// StaggeredGridLayoutManager 且横向滚动{// 如果是最后一行,则不需要绘制底部if ((pos + 1) % spanCount == 0){return true;}}}return false;}@Overridepublic void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition,RecyclerView parent){int spanCount = getSpanCount(parent);int childCount = parent.getAdapter().getItemCount();if (isLastRaw(parent, itemPosition, spanCount, childCount))// 如果是最后一行,则不需要绘制底部{outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);} else if (isLastColum(parent, itemPosition, spanCount, childCount))// 如果是最后一列,则不需要绘制右边{outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());} else{outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(),mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());}}}主要在
getItemOffsets
方法中,去判断如果是最后一行,则不需要绘制底部;如果是最后一列,则不需要绘制右边,整个判断也考虑到了StaggeredGridLayoutManager
的横向和纵向,所以稍稍有些复杂。最重要还是去理解,如何绘制什么的不重要。一般如果仅仅是希望有空隙,还是去设置item的margin方便。
ok,看到这,你可能还觉得RecyclerView不够强大?
但是如果我们有这么个需求,纵屏的时候显示为ListView,横屏的时候显示两列的GridView,我们RecyclerView可以轻松搞定,而如果使用ListView去实现还是需要点功夫的~~~
当然了,这只是皮毛,下面让你心服口服。
StaggeredGridLayoutManager
瀑布流式的布局,其实他可以实现GridLayoutManager
一样的功能,仅仅按照下列代码:
// mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new GridLayoutManager(this,4));mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(4,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL));这两种写法显示的效果是一致的,但是注意StaggeredGridLayoutManager构造的第二个参数传一个orientation,如果传入的是
StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL
代表有多少列;那么传入的如果是StaggeredGridLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL
就代表有多少行,比如本例如果改为:mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(4,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL));那么效果为:
可以看到,固定为4行,变成了左右滑动。有一点需要注意,如果是横向的时候,item的宽度需要注意去设置,毕竟横向的宽度没有约束了,应为控件可以横向滚动了。
如果你需要一样横向滚动的GridView,那么恭喜你。
ok,接下来准备看大招,如果让你去实现个瀑布流,最起码不是那么随意就可以实现的吧?但是,如果使用RecyclerView,分分钟的事。
那么如何实现?其实你什么都不用做,只要使用StaggeredGridLayoutManager
我们就已经实现了,只是上面的item布局我们使用了固定的高度,下面我们仅仅在适配器的onBindViewHolder
方法中为我们的item设置个随机的高度(代码就不贴了,最后会给出源码下载地址),看看效果图:
是不是棒棒哒,通过RecyclerView去实现ListView、GridView、瀑布流的效果基本上没有什么区别,而且可以仅仅通过设置不同的LayoutManager即可实现。
还有更nice的地方,就在于item增加、删除的动画也是可配置的。接下来看一下ItemAnimator。
ItemAnimator
ItemAnimator也是一个抽象类,好在系统为我们提供了一种默认的实现类,期待系统多
添加些默认的实现。
借助默认的实现,当Item添加和移除的时候,添加动画效果很简单:
// 设置item动画mRecyclerView.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator());系统为我们提供了一个默认的实现,我们为我们的瀑布流添加以上一行代码,效果为:
如果是GridLayoutManager呢?动画效果为:
注意,这里更新数据集不是用adapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
而是 notifyItemInserted(position)
与notifyItemRemoved(position)
否则没有动画效果。
上述为adapter中添加了两个方法:
public void addData(int position) {mDatas.add(position, "Insert One");notifyItemInserted(position);}public void removeData(int position) {mDatas.remove(position);notifyItemRemoved(position);}Activity中点击MenuItem触发:
@Overridepublic boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);}@Overridepublic boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item){switch (item.getItemId()){case R.id.id_action_add:mAdapter.addData(1);break;case R.id.id_action_delete:mAdapter.removeData(1);break;}return true;}好了,到这我对这个控件已经不是一般的喜欢了~~~
SlideInOutLeftItemAnimator
,SlideInOutRightItemAnimator
,SlideInOutTopItemAnimator
,SlideInOutBottomItemAnimator
等动画效果。class HomeAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<HomeAdapter.MyViewHolder>{//...public interface OnItemClickLitener{void onItemClick(View view, int position);void onItemLongClick(View view , int position);}private OnItemClickLitener mOnItemClickLitener;public void setOnItemClickLitener(OnItemClickLitener mOnItemClickLitener){this.mOnItemClickLitener = mOnItemClickLitener;}@Overridepublic void onBindViewHolder(final MyViewHolder holder, final int position){holder.tv.setText(mDatas.get(position));// 如果设置了回调,则设置点击事件if (mOnItemClickLitener != null){holder.itemView.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){@Overridepublic void onClick(View v){int pos = holder.getLayoutPosition();mOnItemClickLitener.onItemClick(holder.itemView, pos);}});holder.itemView.setOnLongClickListener(new OnLongClickListener(){@Overridepublic boolean onLongClick(View v){int pos = holder.getLayoutPosition();mOnItemClickLitener.onItemLongClick(holder.itemView, pos);return false;}});}}//...}adapter中自己定义了个接口,然后在onBindViewHolder中去为holder.itemView去设置相应
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" ><item android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@color/color_item_press"></item><item android:drawable="@color/color_item_normal"></item></selector>Activity中去设置监听:
mAdapter.setOnItemClickLitener(new OnItemClickLitener(){@Overridepublic void onItemClick(View view, int position){Toast.makeText(HomeActivity.this, position + " click",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}@Overridepublic void onItemLongClick(View view, int position){Toast.makeText(HomeActivity.this, position + " long click",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();mAdapter.removeData(position);}});测试效果:
ok,到此我们基本介绍了RecylerView常见用法,包含了:
系统提供了几种LayoutManager的使用;如何通过自定义ItemDecoration去设置分割线,或者一些你想作为分隔的drawable,注意这里巧妙的使用了系统的listDivider属性,你可以尝试添加使用divider和dividerHeight属性。如何使用ItemAnimator为RecylerView去添加Item移除、添加的动画效果。介绍了如何添加ItemClickListener与ItemLongClickListener。
可以看到RecyclerView可以实现:
ListView的功能GridView的功能横向ListView的功能,参考Android 自定义RecyclerView 实现真正的Gallery效果横向ScrollView的功能瀑布流效果便于添加Item增加和移除动画
整个体验下来,感觉这种插拔式的设计太棒了,如果系统再能提供一些常用的分隔符,多添加些动画效果就更好了。
通过简单改变下LayoutManager,就可以产生不同的效果,那么我们可以根据手机屏幕的宽度去动态设置LayoutManager,屏幕宽度一般的,显示为ListView;宽度稍大的显示两列的GridView或者瀑布流(或者横纵屏幕切换时变化,有点意思~);显示的列数和宽度成正比。甚至某些特殊屏幕,让其横向滑动~~再选择一个nice的动画效果,相信这种插件式的编码体验一定会让你迅速爱上RecyclerView。