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文件系统驱动编程基础篇之4——Wmi管理规范2010-04-10 ccrun wskjuf二、WMI简介

一)基于Web的企业管理(Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM))的提出是为了解决企业在快速发展的过程中,总成本(Total cost of ownership(TCO)) 也随之快速增长的矛盾,它作为一项业界倡议,起始于1996年,规范了企业网络中受管资源的描述与使用。WBEM建立在通用信息模型(Common Information Model (CIM, 由Desktop Management Task Force,即DMTF推动的工业化标准))规划(schema)的基础上。WBEM提出了一个标准化的的方法用于建立统一的框架,不同技术和平台上产生的管理信息均以相同的形式供管理程序访问,这样就减少了维护费用和企业网络的寿命周期成本(life cycle costs)。(注:Common除了译为“通用”,也可译为“公共”)

从根本上说,WBEM提供了数据定义的信息标准和组件交互的处理标准。

二)CIM是一种机制,用于为受管资源建模并以受管对象格式(Managed Object Format (MOF))表现这些模型。使用 CIM 和 MOF,组成受管资源或资源网络的组件可以象在面向对象设计过程中使用的组件一样被建模和看待。

CIM由一个核心模型,许多通用模型以及扩展模型组成。核心模型是一系列类、连接和属性的集合,该对象组提供了所有管理域公用的基本信息模型;通用模型提供特定管理域的通用信息模型,这些特定的管理域,如系统、应用程序、设备、用户和网络等;扩展模型代表通用模型的特定技术扩展。

A core model—incorporates classes applicable to all management domains.

Common models—incorporate classes common to specific management domains, independent of particular technologies or implementations. Common domains include systems, applications, devices, users, and networks. These models provide a basis for the development of management applications and include a set of base classes for extension into technology-specific areas.

Extension models—these represent technology-specific extensions of the common models. These models are specific to environments, such as operating systems (for example, UNIX, or Microsoft Windows).

三)Windows Management Instrumentation——通常译为WMI管理规范,是微软提出的,与WBEM兼容的技术,同样也兼容于CIM2.0或2.5。WMI是Windows管理服务的主要组件,它提供的功能如下(从资料2节选,重点记忆红字即可mcieels):

A rich and consistent model of Windows 98 and Windows 2000 operation, configuration, and status. 是一个模型

A COM API that supplies a single point of access to all management information. 可COM访问

Interoperability with other Windows 2000 management services, which will simplify vendors" efforts to create well-integrated management applications. 可协作

A flexible architecture that allows vendors to extend the information model to cover new devices, applications, and other enhancements by writing code modules (WMI providers). 可扩展

A powerful event architecture that allows changes in management information to be identified, aggregated, compared to and associated with other management information, and forwarded to local or remote management applications. 有事件机制

A rich query language(WQL) that enables detailed queries of the information model. 可查询

A scriptable API, which enables management application developers to use Visual Basic? or Windows Script Host (WSH). 可脚本访问