Centos MySQL 5.7安装、升级教程

MySQL 5.7安装、升级笔记分享：
卸载当前的 MySQL
查看当前 MySQL 版本：

[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -Vmysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu （i386） using readline 5.1

停止 MySQL 服务

[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld stopStopping mysqld:[ OK ]

备份数据【数据不重要可以忽略】
备份数据库，升级MySQL通常不会丢失数据，但保险起见，我们需要做这一步。输入命令：
[root@coderknock ~]# mysqldump -u xxx -h xxx -P 3306 -p --all-databases > databases.sql

卸载旧版本 MySQL

[root@coderknock ~]# yum remove mysql mysql-*Loaded plugins: securitySetting up Remove ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be erased---> Package mysql-libs.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be erased--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16 for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16 for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16（libmysqlclient_16） for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16（libmysqlclient_16） for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686--> Processing Dependency: mysql-libs for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686---> Package mysql-server.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be erased--> Running transaction check---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.i686 0:4.013-3.el6 will be erased---> Package postfix.i686 2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1 will be erased--> Processing Dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686--> Processing Dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.i686--> Running transaction check---> Package cronie.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 will be erased--> Processing Dependency: cronie = 1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 for package: cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686---> Package redhat-lsb-core.i686 0:4.0-7.el6.centos will be erased--> Running transaction check---> Package cronie-anacron.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 will be erased--> Processing Dependency: /etc/cron.d for package: crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch--> Processing Dependency: /etc/cron.d for package: sysstat-9.0.4-31.el6.i686--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.--> Running transaction check---> Package crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 will be erased---> Package sysstat.i686 0:9.0.4-31.el6 will be erased--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Package ArchVersion RepositorySize=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Removing: mysql i6865.1.73-7.el6 @base2.3 M mysql-libs i6865.1.73-7.el6 @base3.9 M mysql-serveri6865.1.73-7.el6 @base24 MRemoving for dependencies: cronie i6861.4.4-16.el6_8.2@updates169 k cronie-anacroni6861.4.4-16.el6_8.2@updates38 k crontabs noarch1.10-33.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311291201.i386/6.52.4 k perl-DBD-MySQLi6864.013-3.el6 @base341 k postfix i6862:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1@base9.3 M redhat-lsb-corei6864.0-7.el6.centos@anaconda-CentOS-201311291201.i386/6.522 k sysstat i6869.0.4-31.el6 @base804 kTransaction Summary=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Remove 10 Package（s）Installed size: 41 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction Erasing : mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.i686 1/10 warning: /var/log/mysqld.log saved as /var/log/mysqld.log.rpmsave Erasing : redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.i6862/10 /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.Y5QGjy: line 1: lsb_release: command not found Erasing : mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.i6863/10Erasing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686 4/10Erasing : sysstat-9.0.4-31.el6.i6865/10Erasing : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch 6/10Erasing : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i6867/10Erasing : cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686 8/10Erasing : 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686 9/10Erasing : mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.i686 10/10Verifying : redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.i6861/10Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686 2/10Verifying : mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.i686 3/10Verifying : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch 4/10Verifying : sysstat-9.0.4-31.el6.i6865/10Verifying : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i6866/10Verifying : cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686 7/10Verifying : mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.i686 8/10Verifying : mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.i6869/10Verifying : 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686 10/10 Removed: mysql.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 mysql-libs.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 mysql-server.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 Dependency Removed: cronie.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2cronie-anacron.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 perl-DBD-MySQL.i686 0:4.013-3.el6 postfix.i686 2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1redhat-lsb-core.i686 0:4.0-7.el6.centos sysstat.i686 0:9.0.4-31.el6Complete！

这样就卸载完成了，为了保险起见我们检查一下系统中是否还有 MySQL 相关内容没有删除干净

[root@coderknock ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql[root@coderknock ~]#

上面的情况是没有未删除部分，如果有的话可通过下面的命令删除：
[root@coderknock ~]# yum remove mysql－libs

下载最新版本的 MySQL
查看系统配置信息选择对应 MySQL 包

[root@coderknock ~]# uname -r 3.10.104-1.el6.elrepo.i686

在浏览器打开 sohu提供的MySQL 镜像（官网速度太慢）

然后根据自己系统配置选择对应的 rpm 包，右键复制文件链接，我的选择如下：

下载并解压

[root@coderknock ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar--2017-01-06 22:46:15-- http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tarResolving mirrors.sohu.com... 119.188.36.70Connecting to mirrors.sohu.com|119.188.36.70|:80... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 448163840 （427M） [application/octet-stream]Saving to: “mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar”100%[=============================================================================================================================================================>] 448,163,840 9.98M/s in 45s 2017-01-06 22:47:00 （9.54 MB/s） - “mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar” saved [448163840/448163840][root@coderknock ~]# tar xvf mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-devel-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-test-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-embedded-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpmmysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm

安装及配置
安装 rpm 【有依赖关系，请按下面的步骤安装，搜索 [root@coderknock ~]# 可跳过安装日志直接查看相关命令】

[root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: securitySetting up Local Package ProcessExamining mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686Marking mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-common.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================================================================================================= PackageArchVersion RepositorySize=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-commoni6865.7.17-1.el6/mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i6862.5 MTransaction Summary=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package（s）Total size: 2.5 MInstalled size: 2.5 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i6861/1Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i6861/1 Installed: mysql-community-common.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6Complete！[root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: securitySetting up Local Package ProcessExamining mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686Marking mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-libs.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================================================================================================= PackageArchVersion RepositorySize=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-libsi6865.7.17-1.el6/mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i6867.8 MTransaction Summary=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package（s）Total size: 7.8 MInstalled size: 7.8 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i6861/1Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i6861/1 Installed: mysql-community-libs.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6Complete！[root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: securitySetting up Local Package ProcessExamining mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686Marking mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-client.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================================================================================================= PackageArchVersion RepositorySize=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-clienti6865.7.17-1.el6/mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i68687 MTransaction Summary=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package（s）Total size: 87 MInstalled size: 87 MIs this ok [y/N]: ^[[A^HyIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i6861/1Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i6861/1 Installed: mysql-community-client.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6Complete！[root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: securitySetting up Local Package ProcessExamining mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686Marking mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package mysql-community-server.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved======================================================================================================================================================================================================= PackageArchVersion RepositorySize=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-serveri6865.7.17-1.el6/mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686695 MTransaction Summary=======================================================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package（s）Total size: 695 MInstalled size: 695 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i6861/1Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i6861/1 Installed: mysql-community-server.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6Complete！

配置
查看版本

[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -Vmysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.17, for Linux （i686） using EditLine wrapper

启动 MySQL

[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld startMySQL Daemon failed to start.Starting mysqld: [FAILED]

上面的情况说明启动失败，这是因为经过上面的步骤，MySQL 最新版已经安装到我们的系统了，但这是还没有初始化数据，所以导致无法启动。
初始化数据库
[root@coderknock ~]# mysqld --initialize

如果遇到错误如下：
2017-01-06T14:53:08.889803Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option （see documentation for more details）.
2017-01-06T14:53:08.892190Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
2017-01-06T14:53:08.892475Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

可以运行以下命令【无需再执行 mysqld --initialize】：

[root@coderknock ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld startInitializing MySQL database:[ OK ]Installing validate password plugin: [ OK ]Starting mysqld: [ OK ]

这样我们就启动了 MySQL 服务
MySQL 无法登陆的解决办法
登录时我遇到了一些问题：

[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -u root -pEnter password: ERROR 1045 （28000）: Access denied for user "root"@"localhost" （using password: YES）

这是因较新版本的 MySQL 因为安全的考虑，会设置默认密码

[root@coderknock ~]# grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log2017-01-06T14:53:33.490540Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Ei（GLix_p6/1

这样就找到了密码，如果上面方法不可行可以看看是否有 /root/.mysql_secret 文件
或者通过以下方法直接修改密码：

[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld stopStopping mysqld:[ OK ][root@coderknock ~]# mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &[1] 14208[root@coderknock ~]# 2017-01-06T15:02:18.663496Z mysqld_safe Logging to "/var/log/mysqld.log".2017-01-06T15:02:18.666764Z mysqld_safe Logging to "/var/log/mysqld.log".2017-01-06T15:02:18.693025Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql^C[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -u root mysqlReading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -AWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.Your MySQL connection id is 3Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server （GPL）Copyright （c） 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type "help;" or "h" for help. Type "c" to clear the current input statement.mysql>update mysql.user set authentication_string=password（"你的密码."） where User="root";Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning （0.00 sec）Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1mysql> flush privileges;mysql> update mysql.user set Host="%" where User="root"Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning （0.00 sec）Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1mysql> flush privileges;

注意SQL在Linux下要注意大小写，执行之后Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning （0.00 sec），row 之前是1才代表执行成功了。update mysql.user set Host="%" where User="root" 这句是为了别的 IP 的机器也可以登录我们的MySQL，可以按需执行
重置密码
无论是获取到了默认密码还是强行修改了密码。新版 MySQL 在第一次通过密码登录后会无法执行SQL：

mysql> select host from mysql.user where User="root";ERROR 1820 （HY000）: You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

这是因为 MySQL 为了安全会要求修改初始密码。
mysql> ALTER USER "root"@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "你的密码";

如果遇到ERROR 1819 （HY000）: Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements说明你的密码太简单，需要设置复杂点的密码，有大小写字母、有数字、有标点基本上就可以通过。
注意，如果你没有修改过 root 用户的Host或者修改为非 % 的字符，需要对上面的语句进行对应的修改，例如： ALTER USER ‘root"@"localhost" IDENTIFIED BY ‘你的密码"
如果遇到ERROR 1290 （HY000）: The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement 则需要退出安全模式，正常启动MySQL后登陆再进行以上操作：

mysql> quit[root@coderknock ~]# ps -ef|grep mysqlroot 14208 12686 0 23:02 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networkingmysql 14381 14208 0 23:02 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockroot 15148 12686 0 23:23 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql[root@coderknock ~]# kill -9 114208-bash: kill: （114208） - No such process[root@coderknock ~]# kill -9 14208[1]+ Killed mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking[root@coderknock ~]# kill -9 1438[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld start[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -u root mysql

精彩专题分享：mysql不同版本安装教程 mysql5.7各版本安装教程
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。