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通常我们使用Service都要和它通信,当想要与Service通信的时候,那么Service要处于绑定状态的。然后客户端可以拿到一个Binder与服务端进行通信,这个过程是很自然的。
那你真的了解过Service的绑定过程吗?为什么可以是Binder和Service通信?
同样的先看一张图大致了解一下,灰色背景框起来的是同一个类的方法,如下:


我们知道调用Context的bindService方法即可绑定一个Service,而ContextImpl是Context的实现类。那接下来就从源码的角度分析Service的绑定过程。
当然是从ContextImpl的bindService方法开始,如下:

@Overridepublic boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,int flags) { warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess(); return bindServiceCommon(service, conn, flags, mMainThread.getHandler(), Process.myUserHandle());}
在bindService方法中又会转到bindServiceCommon方法,将Intent,ServiceConnection对象传进。
那就看看bindServiceCommon方法的实现。
private boolean bindServiceCommon(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags, Handlerhandler, UserHandle user) {IServiceConnection sd;if (conn == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("connection is null");}if (mPackageInfo != null) {sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(), handler, flags);} else {throw new RuntimeException("Not supported in system context");}validateServiceIntent(service);try {IBinder token = getActivityToken();if (token == null && (flags&BIND_AUTO_CREATE) == 0 && mPackageInfo != null&& mPackageInfo.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion< android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {flags |= BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY;}service.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);int res = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService(mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), getActivityToken(), service,service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()),sd, flags, getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());if (res < 0) {throw new SecurityException("Not allowed to bind to service " + service);}return res != 0;} catch (RemoteException e) {throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();}}
在上述代码中,调用了mPackageInfo(LoadedApk对象)的getServiceDispatcher方法。从getServiceDispatcher方法的名字可以看出是获取一个“服务分发者”。其实是根据这个“服务分发者”获取到一个Binder对象的。
那现在就看到getServiceDispatcher方法的实现。
public final IServiceConnection getServiceDispatcher(ServiceConnection c,Context context, Handler handler, int flags) {synchronized (mServices) {LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = null;ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> map = mServices.get(context);if (map != null) {sd = map.get(c);}if (sd == null) {sd = new ServiceDispatcher(c, context, handler, flags);if (map == null) {map = new ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>();mServices.put(context, map);}map.put(c, sd);} else {sd.validate(context, handler);}return sd.getIServiceConnection();}}
从getServiceDispatcher方法的实现可以知道,ServiceConnection和ServiceDispatcher构成了映射关系。当存储集合不为空的时候,根据传进的key,也就是ServiceConnection,来取出对应的ServiceDispatcher对象。
当取出ServiceDispatcher对象后,最后一行代码是关键,
return sd.getIServiceConnection();

调用了ServiceDispatcher对象的getIServiceConnection方法。这个方法肯定是获取一个IServiceConnection的。
IServiceConnection getIServiceConnection() {return mIServiceConnection;}
那么mIServiceConnection是什么?现在就可以来看下ServiceDispatcher类了。ServiceDispatcher是LoadedApk的内部类,里面封装了InnerConnection和ServiceConnection。如下:

static final class ServiceDispatcher {private final ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection mIServiceConnection;private final ServiceConnection mConnection;private final Context mContext;private final Handler mActivityThread;private final ServiceConnectionLeaked mLocation;private final int mFlags;private RuntimeException mUnbindLocation;private boolean mForgotten;private static class ConnectionInfo {IBinder binder;IBinder.DeathRecipient deathMonitor;}private static class InnerConnection extends IServiceConnection.Stub {final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> mDispatcher;InnerConnection(LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd) {mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>(sd);}public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) throws RemoteException {LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = mDispatcher.get();if (sd != null) {sd.connected(name, service);}}}private final ArrayMap<ComponentName, ServiceDispatcher.ConnectionInfo> mActiveConnections= new ArrayMap<ComponentName, ServiceDispatcher.ConnectionInfo>();ServiceDispatcher(ServiceConnection conn,Context context, Handler activityThread, int flags) {mIServiceConnection = new InnerConnection(this);mConnection = conn;mContext = context;mActivityThread = activityThread;mLocation = new ServiceConnectionLeaked(null);mLocation.fillInStackTrace();mFlags = flags;}//代码省略}
先看到ServiceDispatcher的构造方法,一个ServiceDispatcher关联一个InnerConnection对象。而InnerConnection呢?,它是一个Binder,有一个很重要的connected方法。至于为什么要用Binder,因为与Service通信可能是跨进程的。
好,到了这里先总结一下:调用bindService方法绑定服务,会转到bindServiceCommon方法。
在bindServiceCommon方法中,会调用LoadedApk的getServiceDispatcher方法,并将ServiceConnection传进, 根据这个ServiceConnection取出与其映射的ServiceDispatcher对象,最后调用这个ServiceDispatcher对象的getIServiceConnection方法获取与其关联的InnerConnection对象并返回。简单点理解就是用ServiceConnection换来了InnerConnection。
现在回到bindServiceCommon方法,可以看到绑定Service的过程会转到ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()的bindService方法,其实从抛出的异常类型RemoteException也可以知道与Service通信可能是跨进程的,这个是很好理解的。
而ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()是ActivityManagerService,那么继续跟进ActivityManagerService的bindService方法即可,如下:
public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection, int flags, String callingPackage,int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {enforceNotIsolatedCaller("bindService");// Refuse possible leaked file descriptorsif (service != null && service.hasFileDescriptors() == true) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("File descriptors passed in Intent");}if (callingPackage == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("callingPackage cannot be null");}synchronized(this) {return mServices.bindServiceLocked(caller, token, service,resolvedType, connection, flags, callingPackage, userId);}}
在上述代码中,绑定Service的过程转到ActiveServices的bindServiceLocked方法,那就跟进ActiveServices的bindServiceLocked方法瞧瞧。如下:
int bindServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,String resolvedType, final IServiceConnection connection, int flags,String callingPackage, final int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {//代码省略 ConnectionRecord c = new ConnectionRecord(b, activity,connection, flags, clientLabel, clientIntent); IBinder binder = connection.asBinder(); ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> clist = s.connections.get(binder); if (clist == null) { clist = new ArrayList<ConnectionRecord>(); s.connections.put(binder, clist); } clist.add(c); //代码省略if ((flags&Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE) != 0) {s.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();if (bringUpServiceLocked(s, service.getFlags(), callerFg, false,permissionsReviewRequired) != null) {return 0;}}//代码省略return 1;}
将connection对象封装在ConnectionRecord中,这里的connection就是上面提到的InnerConnection对象。这一步很重要的。
然后调用了bringUpServiceLocked方法,那么就探探这个bringUpServiceLocked方法,
private String bringUpServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, int intentFlags, boolean execInFg,boolean whileRestarting, boolean permissionsReviewRequired)throws TransactionTooLargeException {//代码省略if (app != null && app.thread != null) {try {app.addPackage(r.appInfo.packageName, r.appInfo.versionCode, mAm.mProcessStats);realStartServiceLocked(r, app, execInFg);return null;} catch (TransactionTooLargeException e) {throw e;} catch (RemoteException e) {Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting service " + r.shortName, e);}// If a dead object exception was thrown -- fall through to// restart the application.}//代码省略return null;}
可以看到调用了realStartServiceLocked方法,真正去启动Service了。
那么跟进realStartServiceLocked方法探探,如下:
private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException { //代码省略 app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo, mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),app.repProcState);r.postNotification();created = true; //代码省略requestServiceBindingsLocked(r, execInFg);updateServiceClientActivitiesLocked(app, null, true);// If the service is in the started state, and there are no// pending arguments, then fake up one so its onStartCommand() will// be called.if (r.startRequested && r.callStart && r.pendingStarts.size() == 0) {r.pendingStarts.add(new ServiceRecord.StartItem(r, false, r.makeNextStartId(),null, null));}sendServiceArgsLocked(r, execInFg, true);//代码省略}
这里会调用app.thread的scheduleCreateService方法去创建一个Service,然后会回调Service的生命周期方法,然而绑定Service呢?
在上述代码中,找到一个requestServiceBindingsLocked方法,从名字看是请求绑定服务的意思,那么就是它没错了。
private final void requestServiceBindingsLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean execInFg)throws TransactionTooLargeException {for (int i=r.bindings.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {IntentBindRecord ibr = r.bindings.valueAt(i);if (!requestServiceBindingLocked(r, ibr, execInFg, false)) {break;}}}
咦,我再按住Ctrl+鼠标左键,点进去requestServiceBindingLocked方法。如下:
private final boolean requestServiceBindingLocked(ServiceRecord r, IntentBindRecord i,boolean execInFg, boolean rebind) throws TransactionTooLargeException {if (r.app == null || r.app.thread == null) {// If service is not currently running, can"t yet bind.return false;}if ((!i.requested || rebind) && i.apps.size() > 0) {try {bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, execInFg, "bind");r.app.forceProcessStateUpTo(ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE);r.app.thread.scheduleBindService(r, i.intent.getIntent(), rebind,r.app.repProcState);if (!rebind) {i.requested = true;}i.hasBound = true;i.doRebind = false;}//代码省略return true;}
r.app.thread调用了scheduleBindService方法来绑定服务,而r.app.thread是ApplicationThread,现在关注到 ApplicationThread即可,scheduleBindService方法如下:
public final void scheduleBindService(IBinder token, Intent intent,boolean rebind, int processState) {updateProcessState(processState, false);BindServiceData s = new BindServiceData();s.token = token;s.intent = intent;s.rebind = rebind;if (DEBUG_SERVICE)Slog.v(TAG, "scheduleBindService token=" + token + " intent=" + intent + " uid="+ Binder.getCallingUid() + " pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid());sendMessage(H.BIND_SERVICE, s);}
封装了待绑定的Service的信息,并发送了一个消息给主线程,
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));switch (msg.what) {//代码省略case BIND_SERVICE:Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceBind");handleBindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj);Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);break;//代码省略}}
调用了handleBindService方法,即将绑定完成啦。
private void handleBindService(BindServiceData data) {Service s = mServices.get(data.token);if (DEBUG_SERVICE)Slog.v(TAG, "handleBindService s=" + s + " rebind=" + data.rebind);if (s != null) {try {data.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(s.getClassLoader());data.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();try {if (!data.rebind) {IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishService(data.token, data.intent, binder);} else {s.onRebind(data.intent);ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);}ensureJitEnabled();} catch (RemoteException ex) {throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();}} catch (Exception e) {if (!mInstrumentation.onException(s, e)) {throw new RuntimeException("Unable to bind to service " + s+ " with " + data.intent + ": " + e.toString(), e);}}}}
根据token获取到Service,然后Service回调onBind方法。结束了?
可是onBind方法返回了一个binder是用来干嘛的?
我们再看看ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()调用了publishService方法做了什么工作,此时又回到了ActivityManagerService。
public void publishService(IBinder token, Intent intent, IBinder service) {// Refuse possible leaked file descriptorsif (intent != null && intent.hasFileDescriptors() == true) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("File descriptors passed in Intent");}synchronized(this) {if (!(token instanceof ServiceRecord)) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid service token");}mServices.publishServiceLocked((ServiceRecord)token, intent, service);}}
又会交给ActiveServices处理,转到了publishServiceLocked方法,那看到ActiveServices的publishServiceLocked方法,

void publishServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, Intent intent, IBinder service) {final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();try {if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "PUBLISHING " + r+ " " + intent + ": " + service);if (r != null) {Intent.FilterComparison filter= new Intent.FilterComparison(intent);IntentBindRecord b = r.bindings.get(filter);if (b != null && !b.received) {b.binder = service;b.requested = true;b.received = true;for (int conni=r.connections.size()-1; conni>=0; conni--) {ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> clist = r.connections.valueAt(conni);for (int i=0; i<clist.size(); i++) {ConnectionRecord c = clist.get(i);if (!filter.equals(c.binding.intent.intent)) {if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Not publishing to: " + c);if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Bound intent: " + c.binding.intent.intent);if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Published intent: " + intent);continue;}if (DEBUG_SERVICE) Slog.v(TAG_SERVICE, "Publishing to: " + c);try {c.conn.connected(r.name, service);}//代码省略}
c.conn是什么? 它是一个InnerConnection对象,对,就是那个那个Binder,上面也贴出了代码,在ActiveServices的bindServiceLocked方法中,InnerConnection对象被封装在ConnectionRecord中。那么现在它调用了connected方法,就很好理解了。
InnerConnection的connected方法如下:
public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) throws RemoteException {LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = mDispatcher.get();if (sd != null) {sd.connected(name, service);}}
会调用ServiceDispatcher 的connected方法,如下
public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {if (mActivityThread != null) {mActivityThread.post(new RunConnection(name, service, 0));} else {doConnected(name, service);}}
从而ActivityThread会投递一个消息到主线程,此时就解决了跨进程通信。
那么你应该猜到了RunConnection一定有在主线程回调的onServiceConnected方法,
private final class RunConnection implements Runnable {RunConnection(ComponentName name, IBinder service, int command) {mName = name;mService = service;mCommand = command;}public void run() {if (mCommand == 0) {doConnected(mName, mService);} else if (mCommand == 1) {doDeath(mName, mService);}}final ComponentName mName;final IBinder mService;final int mCommand;}
咦,还不出现?继续跟进doConnected方法,
public void doConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {ServiceDispatcher.ConnectionInfo old;ServiceDispatcher.ConnectionInfo info;synchronized (this) {if (mForgotten) {// We unbound before receiving the connection; ignore// any connection received.return;}old = mActiveConnections.get(name);if (old != null && old.binder == service) {// Huh, already have this one. Oh well!return;}if (service != null) {// A new service is being connected... set it all up.info = new ConnectionInfo();info.binder = service;info.deathMonitor = new DeathMonitor(name, service);try {service.linkToDeath(info.deathMonitor, 0);mActiveConnections.put(name, info);} catch (RemoteException e) {// This service was dead before we got it... just// don"t do anything with it.mActiveConnections.remove(name);return;}} else {// The named service is being disconnected... clean up.mActiveConnections.remove(name);}if (old != null) {old.binder.unlinkToDeath(old.deathMonitor, 0);}}// If there was an old service, it is not disconnected.if (old != null) {mConnection.onServiceDisconnected(name);}// If there is a new service, it is now connected.if (service != null) {mConnection.onServiceConnected(name, service);}}
在最后一个if判断,终于找到了onServiceConnected方法!
总结一下,当Service回调onBind方法,其实还没有结束,会转到ActivityManagerService,然后又会在ActiveServices的publishServiceLocked方法中,从ConnectionRecord中取出InnerConnection对象。有了InnerConnection对象后,就回调了它的connected。在InnerConnection的connected方法中,又会调用ServiceDispatcher的connected方法,在ServiceDispatcher的connected方法向主线程扔了一个消息,切换到了主线程,之后就在主线程中回调了客户端传进的ServiceConnected对象的onServiceConnected方法。
至此, Service的绑定过程分析完毕。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。