LayoutInflater.inflate源码详解LayoutInflater的inflate方法相信大家都不陌生,在Fragment的onCreateView中或者在BaseAdapter的getView方法中我们都会经常用这个方法来实例化出我们需要的View.
假设我们有一个需要实例化的布局文件menu_item.xml:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:orientation="vertical"><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/id_menu_title_tv"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="300dp"android:gravity="center_vertical"android:textColor="@android:color/black"android:textSize="16sp"android:text="@string/menu_item"/></LinearLayout>
我们想在BaseAdapter的getView()方法中对其进行实例化,其实例化的方法有三种,分别是:
2个参数的方法:
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.menu_item, null);
3个参数的方法(attachToRoot=false):
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.menu_item, parent, false);
3个参数的方法(attachToRoot=true):
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.menu_item, parent, true);
究竟我们应该用哪个方法进行实例化View,这3个方法又有什么区别呢?如果有同学对三个方法的区别还不是特别清楚,那么就和我一起从源码的角度来分析一下这个问题吧.
源码inflate我们先来看一下两个参数的inflate方法,源码如下:
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root) {return inflate(resource, root, root != null);}
从代码我们看出,其实两个参数的inflate方法根据父布局parent是否为null作为第三个参数来调用三个参数的inflate方法,三个参数的inflate方法源码如下:
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {// 获取当前应用的资源集合final Resources res = getContext().getResources();// 获取指定资源的xml解析器final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);try {return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);} finally {// 返回View之前关闭parser资源parser.close();}}
这里需要解释一下,我们传入的资源布局id是无法直接实例化的,需要借助XmlResourceParser.
而XmlResourceParser是借助Android的pull解析方法是解析布局文件的.继续跟踪inflate方法源码:
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {// 获取上下文对象,即LayoutInflater.from传入的Context.final Context inflaterContext = mContext;// 根据parser构建XmlPullAttributes.final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);// 保存之前的Context对象.Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];// 赋值为传入的Context对象.mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;// 注意,默认返回的是父布局root.View result = root;try {// 查找xml的开始标签.int type;while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {// Empty}// 如果没有找到有效的开始标签,则抛出InflateException异常.if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()+ ": No start tag found!");}// 获取控件名称.final String name = parser.getName();// 特殊处理merge标签if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "+ "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");}rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);} else {// 实例化我们传入的资源布局的viewfinal View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;// 如果传入的parent不为空.if (root != null) {if (DEBUG) {System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +root);}// 创建父类型的LayoutParams参数.params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);if (!attachToRoot) {// 如果实例化的View不需要添加到父布局上,则直接将根据父布局生成的params参数设置// 给它即可.temp.setLayoutParams(params);}}// 递归的创建当前布局的所有控件rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);// 如果传入的父布局不为null,且attachToRoot为true,则将实例化的View加入到父布局root中if (root != null && attachToRoot) {root.addView(temp, params);}// 如果父布局为null或者attachToRoot为false,则将返回值设置成我们实例化的Viewif (root == null || !attachToRoot) {result = temp;}}} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {InflateException ex = new InflateException(e.getMessage());ex.initCause(e);throw ex;} catch (Exception e) {InflateException ex = new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()+ ": " + e.getMessage());ex.initCause(e);throw ex;} finally {// Don"t retain static reference on context.mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;mConstructorArgs[1] = null;}Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);return result;}}
上述代码中的关键部分我已经加入了中文注释.从上述代码中我们还可以发现,我们传入的布局文件是通过createViewFromTag来实例化每一个子节点的.
createViewFromTag函数源码如下:
/** * 方便调用5个参数的方法,ignoreThemeAttr的值为false. */private View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {return createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs, false);}View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {if (name.equals("view")) {name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");}// Apply a theme wrapper, if allowed and one is specified.if (!ignoreThemeAttr) {final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);if (themeResId != 0) {context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);}ta.recycle();}// 特殊处理“1995”这个标签(ps: 平时我们写xml布局文件时基本没有使用过).if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) {// Let"s party like it"s 1995!return new BlinkLayout(context, attrs);}try {View view;if (mFactory2 != null) {view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);} else if (mFactory != null) {view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);} else {view = null;}if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);}if (view == null) {final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];mConstructorArgs[0] = context;try {if (-1 == name.indexOf(".")) {view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);} else {view = createView(name, null, attrs);}} finally {mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;}}return view;} catch (InflateException e) {throw e;} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()+ ": Error inflating class " + name);ie.initCause(e);throw ie;} catch (Exception e) {final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()+ ": Error inflating class " + name);ie.initCause(e);throw ie;}}
在createViewFromTag方法中,最终是通过createView方法利用反射来实例化view控件的.
createViewpublic final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {// 以View的name为key, 查询构造函数的缓存map中是否已经存在该View的构造函数.Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);Class<? extends View> clazz = null;try {// 构造函数在缓存中未命中if (constructor == null) {// 通过类名去加载控件的字节码clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubClass(View.class);// 如果有自定义的过滤器并且加载到字节码,则通过过滤器判断是否允许加载该Viewif (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);if (!allowed) {failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);}}// 得到构造函数constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);constructor.setAccessible(true);// 缓存构造函数sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);} else {if (mFilter != null) {// 过滤的map是否包含了此类名Boolean allowedState = mFilterMap.get(name);if (allowedState == null) {// 重新加载类的字节码clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);boolean allowed = clazz != null && mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);mFilterMap.put(name, allowed);if (!allowed) {failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);}} else if (allowedState.equals(Boolean.FALSE)) {failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);}}}// 实例化类的参数数组(mConstructorArgs[0]为Context, [1]为View的属性)Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;args[1] = attrs;// 通过构造函数实例化Viewfinal View view = constructor.newInstance(args);if (View instanceof ViewStub) {final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context)args[0]))}return view;} catch (NoSunchMethodException e) {// ......} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {// ......} catch (Exception e) {// ......} finally {// ......}}
总结通过学习了inflate函数源码,我们再回过头去看BaseAdapter的那三种方法,我们可以得出的结论是:
第一种方法使用不够规范, 且会导致实例化View的LayoutParams属性失效.(ps: 即layout_width和layout_height等参数失效, 因为源码中这种情况的LayoutParams为null).
第二种是最正确,也是最标准的写法.
第三种由于attachToRoot为true,所以返回的View其实是父布局ListView,这显然不是我们想要实例化的View.因此,第三种写法是错误的.
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