一、实现原理:对于DOM元素,通过分配一个唯一的关联id把DOM元素和该DOM元素的数据缓存对象关联起来,关联id被附加到以jQuery.expando的值命名的属性上,数据存储在全局缓存对象jQuery.cache中。在读取、设置、移除数据时,将通过关联id从全局缓存对象jQuery.cache中找到关联的数据缓存对象,然后在数据缓存对象上执行读取、设置、移除操作。
对于Javascript对象,数据则直接存储在该Javascript对象的属性jQuery.expando上。在读取、设置、移除数据时,实际上是对Javascript对象的数据缓存对象执行读取、设置、移除操作。
为了避免jQuery内部使用的数据和用户自定义的数据发生冲突,数据缓存模块把内部数据存储在数据缓存对象上,把自定义数据存储在数据缓存对象的属性data上。
二、总体结构:
// 数据缓存 DatajQuery.extend({ // 全局缓存对象 cache: {}, // 唯一 id种子 uuid:0, // 页面中每个jQuery副本的唯一标识 expando: "jQuery" + ( jQuery.fn.jquery + Math.random() ).replace( /D/g, "" ), // 是否有关联的数据 hasData: function(){}, // 设置、读取自定数据或内部数据 data: function(elem, name, data, pvt) {}, // 移除自定义数据或内部数据 removeData: function(elem, name, pvt) {}, // 设置、读取内部数据 _data: function(elem, name, data) {}, // 是否可以设置数据 acceptData: function(elem){}});jQuery.fn.extend({ // 设置、读取自定义数据,解析HTML5属性data- data: function(key,value){}, // 移除自定义数据 removeData: function(key){}});// 解析HTML5属性 data-function dataAttr(elem,key,data){}// 检查数据缓存对象是否为空function isEmptyDataObject(obj){}jQuery.extend({ // 清空数据缓存对象cleanData: function(elems){}});三、$.data(elem, name, data), $.data(elem, name)
$.data(elem, name, data)的使用方法:
如果传入参数name, data, 则设置任意类型的数据
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>jQuery.data demo</title> <style> div {color: blue; } span {color: red; } </style> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script></head><body><div> The values stored were <span></span> and <span></span></div><script>var div = $( "div" )[ 0 ];jQuery.data( div, "test", { first: 16, last: "pizza!"});$( "span:first" ).text( jQuery.data( div, "test" ).first );$( "span:last" ).text( jQuery.data( div, "test" ).last );</script></body></html>$.data(elem, name)的使用方法:
如果传入key, 未传入参数data, 则读取并返回指定名称的数据
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>jQuery.data demo</title> <style> div {margin: 5px;background: yellow; } button {margin: 5px;font-size: 14px; } p {margin: 5px;color: blue; } span {color: red; } </style> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script></head><body><div>A div</div><button>Get "blah" from the div</button><button>Set "blah" to "hello"</button><button>Set "blah" to 86</button><button>Remove "blah" from the div</button><p>The "blah" value of this div is <span>?</span></p><script>$( "button" ).click( function() { var value,div = $( "div" )[ 0 ]; switch ( $( "button" ).index( this ) ) { case 0 :value = jQuery.data( div, "blah" );break; case 1 :jQuery.data( div, "blah", "hello" );value = "Stored!";break; case 2 :jQuery.data( div, "blah", 86 );value = "Stored!";break; case 3 :jQuery.removeData( div, "blah" );value = "Removed!";break; } $( "span" ).text( "" + value );});</script></body></html>$.data(elem, name, data), $.data(elem, name) 源码解析:
jQuery.extend({ // 1. 定义jQuery.data(elem, name, data, pvt) data: function( elem, name, data, pvt /* Internal Use Only */ ) {// 2. 检查是否可以设置数据if ( !jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) { return; // 如果参数elem不支持设置数据,则立即返回}// 3 定义局部变量var privateCache, thisCache, ret, internalKey = jQuery.expando, getByName = typeof name === "string", // We have to handle DOM nodes and JS objects differently because IE6-7 // can"t GC object references properly across the DOM-JS boundary isNode = elem.nodeType, // elem是否是DOM元素 // Only DOM nodes need the global jQuery cache; JS object data is // attached directly to the object so GC can occur automatically cache = isNode ? jQuery.cache : elem, // 如果是DOM元素,为了避免javascript和DOM元素之间循环引用导致的浏览器(IE6/7)垃圾回收机制不起作用,要把数据存储在全局缓存对象jQuery.cache中;对于javascript对象,来及回收机制能够自动发生,不会有内存泄露的问题,因此数据可以查收存储在javascript对象上 // Only defining an ID for JS objects if its cache already exists allows // the code to shortcut on the same path as a DOM node with no cache id = isNode ? elem[ internalKey ] : elem[ internalKey ] && internalKey, isEvents = name === "events";// Avoid doing any more work than we need to when trying to get data on an// object that has no data at all// 4. 如果是读取数据,但没有数据,则返回if ( (!id || !cache[id] || (!isEvents && !pvt && !cache[id].data)) && getByName && data === undefined ) { return; // getByName && data === undefined 如果name是字符串,data是undefined, 说明是在读取数据 // !id || !cache[id] || (!isEvents && !pvt && !cache[id].data 如果关联id不存在,说明没有数据;如果cache[id]不存在,也说明没有数据;如果是读取自动以数据,但cache[id].data不存在,说明没有自定义数据}// 5. 如果关联id不存在,则分配一个if ( !id ) { // Only DOM nodes need a new unique ID for each element since their data // ends up in the global cache if ( isNode ) {elem[ internalKey ] = id = ++jQuery.uuid; // 对于DOM元素,jQuery.uuid会自动加1,并附加到DOM元素上 } else {id = internalKey; // 对于javascript对象,关联id就是jQuery.expando }}// 6. 如果数据缓存对象不存在,则初始化为空对象{}if ( !cache[ id ] ) { cache[ id ] = {}; // Avoids exposing jQuery metadata on plain JS objects when the object // is serialized using JSON.stringify if ( !isNode ) {cache[ id ].toJSON = jQuery.noop; // 对于javascript对象,设置方法toJSON为空函数,以避免在执行JSON.stringify()时暴露缓存数据。如果一个对象定义了方法toJSON(),JSON.stringify()在序列化该对象时会调用这个方法来生成该对象的JSON元素 }}// An object can be passed to jQuery.data instead of a key/value pair; this gets// shallow copied over onto the existing cache// 7. 如果参数name是对象或函数,则批量设置数据if ( typeof name === "object" || typeof name === "function" ) { if ( pvt ) {cache[ id ] = jQuery.extend( cache[ id ], name ); // 对于内部数据,把参数name中的属性合并到cache[id]中 } else {cache[ id ].data = jQuery.extend( cache[ id ].data, name ); // 对于自定义数据,把参数name中的属性合并到cache[id].data中 }}// 8. 如果参数data不是undefined, 则设置单个数据privateCache = thisCache = cache[ id ];// jQuery data() is stored in a separate object inside the object"s internal data// cache in order to avoid key collisions between internal data and user-defined// data.if ( !pvt ) { if ( !thisCache.data ) {thisCache.data = {}; } thisCache = thisCache.data;}if ( data !== undefined ) { thisCache[ jQuery.camelCase( name ) ] = data;}// Users should not attempt to inspect the internal events object using jQuery.data,// it is undocumented and subject to change. But does anyone listen? No.// 9. 特殊处理events if ( isEvents && !thisCache[ name ] ) { // 如果参数name是字符串"events",并且未设置过自定义数据"events",则返回事件婚车对象,在其中存储了事件监听函数。 return privateCache.events;}// Check for both converted-to-camel and non-converted data property names// If a data property was specified//10. 如果参数name是字符串,则读取单个数据if ( getByName ) { // First Try to find as-is property data ret = thisCache[ name ]; // 先尝试读取参数name对应的数据 // Test for null|undefined property data if ( ret == null ) { // 如果未取到,则把参数name转换为驼峰式再次尝试读取对应的数据// Try to find the camelCased propertyret = thisCache[ jQuery.camelCase( name ) ]; }} else { // 11. 如果未传入参数name,data,则返回数据缓存对象 ret = thisCache;}return ret; }, // For internal use only. _data: function( elem, name, data ) {return jQuery.data( elem, name, data, true ); },});四、.data(key, value), .data(key)
使用方法:
$( "body" ).data( "foo", 52 ); // 传入key, value$( "body" ).data( "bar", { myType: "test", count: 40 } ); // 传入key, value$( "body" ).data( { baz: [ 1, 2, 3 ] } ); // 传入key, value$( "body" ).data( "foo" ); // 52 // 传入key$( "body" ).data(); // 未传入参数HTML5 data attriubutes:
<div data-role="page" data-last-value="43" data-hidden="true" data-options="{"name":"John"}"></div>$( "div" ).data( "role" ) === "page";$( "div" ).data( "lastValue" ) === 43;$( "div" ).data( "hidden" ) === true;$( "div" ).data( "options" ).name === "John";.data(key, value), .data(key) 源码解析
jQuery.fn.extend({ // 1. 定义.data(key, value) data: function( key, value ) {var parts, attr, name, data = null;// 2. 未传入参数的情况if ( typeof key === "undefined" ) { if ( this.length ) { // 如果参数key是undefined, 即参数格式是.data(), 则调用方法jQuery.data(elem, name, data, pvt)获取第一个匹配元素关联的自定义数据缓存对象,并返回。data = jQuery.data( this[0] );if ( this[0].nodeType === 1 && !jQuery._data( this[0], "parsedAttrs" ) ) { attr = this[0].attributes; for ( var i = 0, l = attr.length; i < l; i++ ) {name = attr[i].name;if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) { name = jQuery.camelCase( name.substring(5) ); dataAttr( this[0], name, data[ name ] );} } jQuery._data( this[0], "parsedAttrs", true );} } return data;// 3. 参数key 是对象的情况,即参数格式是.data(key),则遍历匹配元素集合,为每个匹配元素调用方法jQuery.data(elem, name, data,pvt)批量设置数据} else if ( typeof key === "object" ) { return this.each(function() {jQuery.data( this, key ); });}// 4. 只传入参数key的情况 如果只传入参数key, 即参数格式是.data(key),则返回第一个匹配元素的指定名称数据parts = key.split(".");parts[1] = parts[1] ? "." + parts[1] : "";if ( value === undefined ) { data = this.triggerHandler("getData" + parts[1] + "!", [parts[0]]); // Try to fetch any internally stored data first if ( data === undefined && this.length ) {data = jQuery.data( this[0], key );data = dataAttr( this[0], key, data ); } return data === undefined && parts[1] ?this.data( parts[0] ) :data;// 5. 传入参数key和value的情况 即参数格式是.data(key, value),则为每个匹配元素设置任意类型的数据,并触发自定义事件setData, changeData} else { return this.each(function() {var self = jQuery( this ), args = [ parts[0], value ];self.triggerHandler( "setData" + parts[1] + "!", args );jQuery.data( this, key, value );self.triggerHandler( "changeData" + parts[1] + "!", args ); });} }, removeData: function( key ) {return this.each(function() { jQuery.removeData( this, key );}); }});// 6. 函数dataAttr(elem, key, data)解析HTML5属性data-function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) { // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute // 只有参数data为undefined时,才会解析HTML5属性data- if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {var name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$1" ).toLowerCase();data = elem.getAttribute( name );if ( typeof data === "string" ) { try {data = data === "true" ? true :data === "false" ? false :data === "null" ? null :jQuery.isNumeric( data ) ? parseFloat( data ) : rbrace.test( data ) ? jQuery.parseJSON( data ) : data; } catch( e ) {} // Make sure we set the data so it isn"t changed later jQuery.data( elem, key, data );} else { data = undefined;} } return data;}五、$.removeData(elem, name),.removeData(key)
使用方法:
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>jQuery.removeData demo</title> <style> div {margin: 2px;color: blue; } span {color: red; } </style> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script></head><body><div>value1 before creation: <span></span></div><div>value1 after creation: <span></span></div><div>value1 after removal: <span></span></div><div>value2 after removal: <span></span></div><script>var div = $( "div" )[ 0 ];$( "span:eq(0)" ).text( "" + $( "div" ).data( "test1" ) ); //undefinedjQuery.data( div, "test1", "VALUE-1" );jQuery.data( div, "test2", "VALUE-2" );$( "span:eq(1)" ).text( "" + jQuery.data( div, "test1" ) ); // VALUE-1jQuery.removeData( div, "test1" );$( "span:eq(2)" ).text( "" + jQuery.data( div, "test1" ) ); // undefined$( "span:eq(3)" ).text( "" + jQuery.data( div, "test2" ) ); // value2</script></body></html><!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>removeData demo</title> <style> div {margin: 2px;color: blue; } span {color: red; } </style> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script></head><body><div>value1 before creation: <span></span></div><div>value1 after creation: <span></span></div><div>value1 after removal: <span></span></div><div>value2 after removal: <span></span></div><script>$( "span:eq(0)" ).text( "" + $( "div" ).data( "test1" ) ); // undefined$( "div" ).data( "test1", "VALUE-1" );$( "div" ).data( "test2", "VALUE-2" );$( "span:eq(1)" ).text( "" + $( "div").data( "test1" ) ); // VALUE-1$( "div" ).removeData( "test1" );$( "span:eq(2)" ).text( "" + $( "div" ).data( "test1" ) ); // undefined$( "span:eq(3)" ).text( "" + $( "div" ).data( "test2" ) ); // VALUE-2</script></body></html>$.removeData(elem, name),.removeData(key) 源码解析:
$.extend({// jQuery.removeData(elem,name,pvt)用于移除通过jQuery.data()设置的数据 removeData: function( elem, name, pvt /* Internal Use Only */ ) {if ( !jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) { return;}var thisCache, i, l, // Reference to internal data cache key internalKey = jQuery.expando, isNode = elem.nodeType, // See jQuery.data for more information cache = isNode ? jQuery.cache : elem, // See jQuery.data for more information id = isNode ? elem[ internalKey ] : internalKey;// If there is already no cache entry for this object, there is no// purpose in continuingif ( !cache[ id ] ) { return;}// 如果传入参数name, 则移除一个或多个数据if ( name ) { thisCache = pvt ? cache[ id ] : cache[ id ].data; if ( thisCache ) { // 只有数据缓存对象thisCache存在时,才有必要移除数据// Support array or space separated string names for data keysif ( !jQuery.isArray( name ) ) { // try the string as a key before any manipulation if ( name in thisCache ) {name = [ name ]; } else {// split the camel cased version by spaces unless a key with the spaces existsname = jQuery.camelCase( name );if ( name in thisCache ) { name = [ name ];} else { name = name.split( " " );} }}// 遍历参数name中的数据名,用运算符delete逐个从数据缓存对象thisCache中移除for ( i = 0, l = name.length; i < l; i++ ) { delete thisCache[ name[i] ];}// If there is no data left in the cache, we want to continue// and let the cache object itself get destroyedif ( !( pvt ? isEmptyDataObject : jQuery.isEmptyObject )( thisCache ) ) { return;} }}// See jQuery.data for more information// 删除自定义数据缓存对象cache[id].dataif ( !pvt ) { delete cache[ id ].data; // Don"t destroy the parent cache unless the internal data object // had been the only thing left in it if ( !isEmptyDataObject(cache[ id ]) ) {return; }}// Browsers that fail expando deletion also refuse to delete expandos on// the window, but it will allow it on all other JS objects; other browsers// don"t care// Ensure that `cache` is not a window object #10080// 删除数据缓存对象cache[id]if ( jQuery.support.deleteExpando || !cache.setInterval ) { delete cache[ id ];} else { cache[ id ] = null;}// We destroyed the cache and need to eliminate the expando on the node to avoid// false lookups in the cache for entries that no longer exist// 删除DOM元素上扩展的jQuery.expando属性if ( isNode ) { // IE does not allow us to delete expando properties from nodes, // nor does it have a removeAttribute function on Document nodes; // we must handle all of these cases if ( jQuery.support.deleteExpando ) {delete elem[ internalKey ]; } else if ( elem.removeAttribute ) {elem.removeAttribute( internalKey ); } else {elem[ internalKey ] = null; }} }});jQuery.fn.extend({removeData: function( key ) { return this.each(function() {jQuery.removeData( this, key ); });}});// checks a cache object for emptinessfunction isEmptyDataObject( obj ) { for ( var name in obj ) {// if the public data object is empty, the private is still emptyif ( name === "data" && jQuery.isEmptyObject( obj[name] ) ) { continue;}if ( name !== "toJSON" ) { return false;} } return true;}六、$.hasData(elem)
使用方法:
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>jQuery.hasData demo</title> <script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script></head><body><p>Results: </p><script>var $p = jQuery( "p" ), p = $p[ 0 ];$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // false$.data( p, "testing", 123 );$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // true$.removeData( p, "testing" );$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // false$p.on( "click", function() {} );$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // true$p.off( "click" );$p.append( jQuery.hasData( p ) + " " ); // false</script></body></html>$.hasData(elem) 源码解析:$.extend({hasData: function( elem ) { elem = elem.nodeType ? jQuery.cache[ elem[jQuery.expando] ] : elem[ jQuery.expando ]; return !!elem && !isEmptyDataObject( elem ); // 如果关联的数据缓存对象存在,并且含有数据,则返回true, 否则返回false。 这里用两个逻辑非运算符! 把变量elem转换为布尔值 }});