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Java中使用wait()与notify()实现线程间协作2011-03-24zhangjunhd使用wait()与notify()/notifyAll()可以使得多个任务之间彼 此协作。

1. wait()与notify()/notifyAll()

调用sleep()和yield()的时候锁并没有被释放,而调用wait() 将释放锁。这样另一个任务(线程)可以获得当前对象的锁,从而 进入它的synchronized方法中。可以通过notify()/notifyAll(), 或者时间到期,从wait()中恢复执行。

只能在同步控制方法或同步块中调用wait()、notify()和 notifyAll()。如果在非同步的方法里调用这些方法,在运行时会 抛出IllegalMonitorStateException异常。

2.模拟单个线程对多个线程的唤醒

模拟线程之间的协作。Game类有2个同步方法prepare()和go() 。标志位start用于判断当前线程是否需要wait()。Game类的实例 首先启动所有的Athele类实例,使其进入wait()状态,在一段时间 后,改变标志位并notifyAll()所有处于wait状态的Athele线程。

Game.java

package concurrency;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
class Athlete implements Runnable {
private final int id;
private Game game;
public Athlete(int id, Game game) {
this.id = id;
this.game = game;
}
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Athlete))
return false;
Athlete athlete = (Athlete) o;
return id == athlete.id;
}
public String toString() {
return "Athlete<" + id + ">";
}
public int hashCode() {
return new Integer(id).hashCode();
}
public void run() {
try {
game.prepare(this);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(this + " quit the game");
}
}
}
public class Game implements Runnable {
private Set<Athlete> players = new HashSet<Athlete>();
private boolean start = false;
public void addPlayer(Athlete one) {
players.add(one);
}
public void removePlayer(Athlete one) {
players.remove(one);
}
public Collection<Athlete> getPlayers() {
return Collections.unmodifiableSet(players);
}
public void prepare(Athlete athlete) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(athlete + " ready!");
synchronized (this) {
while (!start)
wait();
if (start)
System.out.println(athlete + " go!");
}
}
public synchronized void go() {
notifyAll();
}
public void ready() {
Iterator<Athlete> iter = getPlayers ().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext())
new Thread(iter.next()).start();
}
public void run() {
start = false;
System.out.println("Ready......");
System.out.println("Ready......");
System.out.println("Ready......");
ready();
start = true;
System.out.println("Go!");
go();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Game game = new Game();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
game.addPlayer(new Athlete(i, game));
new Thread(game).start();
}
}