Welcome

首页 / 网页编程 / ASP.NET / ASP.NET MVC下拉框联动实例解析

两个DropDownList的联动,选择其中一个DropDownList,然后加载数据到另外的一个DropDownList上          
这里,我打算实现的需求是:有两个DropDownList,一个默认加载所有的省份数据,然后,当我选择省份的时候,把对应的市的数据,绑定到另外一个DropDownList上面,即实现了联动。
好了,这里不打算使用EF了,换用ADO.NET。首先新建好数据库,表:

USE master GO IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysdatabases WHERE name="MyAddressDB" )DROP DATABASE MyAddressDBGO CREATE DATABASE MyAddressDBGO USE MyAddressDBGO IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name="Province")DROP TABLE ProvinceGO--省份表 CREATE TABLE Province(ProvinceID INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,ProvinceName NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL)IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name="City")DROP TABLE CityGO--省份表 CREATE TABLE City(CityID INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,CityName NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,ProvinceID INT REFERENCES dbo.Province(ProvinceID) NOT NULL)--插入测试语句:【在网上找了一个省市数据库,把里面的数据导入我当前数据库中】--开始INSERT INTO dbo.ProvinceSELECT ProvinceName FROM Temp.dbo.S_ProvinceINSERT INTO dbo.City ( CityName, ProvinceID ) SELECT CityName, ProvinceID FROM Temp.dbo.S_City--结束--测试插入成功与否--SELECT * FROM dbo.Province--SELECT * FROM dbo.City 
然后新建一个空白的MVC项目,在Model文件夹下,添加两个实体: 
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;namespace JsonDataInMVC.Models{ public class Province { public int ProvinceID { get; set; } public string ProvinceName { get; set; } }} 
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;namespace JsonDataInMVC.Models{ public class City { public int CityID { get; set; } public string CityName { get; set; } public int ProvinceID { get; set; } }} 
然后在根目录下,新建一个文件夹DBOperator,在里面新建一个AddressHelper类 

AddRessHelper类中的代码: 
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Configuration;using JsonDataInMVC.Models;using System.Data;using System.Data.SqlClient;namespace JsonDataInMVC.DBOperator{ public class AddressHelper {/// <summary> /// 连接字符串 /// </summary> public string ConnectionString {get {return ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["DBConnectionString"].ConnectionString;} } /// <summary> /// 获取所有的省份 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public List<Province> GetAllProvince() {List<Province> lstProvince = new List<Province>();string sql = @"SELECT * FROM dbo.Province";//ADO.NET连接方式访问数据库//1.创建连接对象[连接字符串]SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString);//2.创建命令对象SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();cmd.CommandText = sql;cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;cmd.Connection = conn;//3.打开连接conn.Open();//4.发送命令SqlDataReader reader= cmd.ExecuteReader();//5.处理数据while (reader.Read()){lstProvince.Add(new Province(){ ProvinceID =Convert.ToInt32( reader["ProvinceID"]), ProvinceName = reader["ProvinceName"].ToString()});}//6.关闭连接conn.Close();reader.Close();return lstProvince; } /// <summary> /// 通过ProvinceID获取市的数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="id"></param> /// <returns></returns> public List<City> GetCityListByProvinceID(int id) {DataSet ds = new DataSet();string sql = @"SELECT CityID,CityName FROM dbo.City WHERE ProvinceID=@ProvinceID";//ADO.NET非连接方式访问数据库//1.创建连接对象SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(ConnectionString);         //2.创建数据适配器对象          SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter(sql,conn);//这里还真必须这样写。不能像下面的两条注释语句那样写。         //sda.SelectCommand.Connection = conn;        //sda.SelectCommand.CommandText = sql;         sda.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.Text;sda.SelectCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ProvinceID", id);//参数设置别忘了//3.打开连接【注意,非链接模式下,连接的打开关闭,无所谓,不过还是打开好点。规范化】conn.Open();//4.发送命令sda.Fill(ds);//5.处理数据//6关闭连接【【注意,非链接模式下,连接的打开关闭,无所谓,不过还是打开好点。规范化】】conn.Close();return DataTableToList<City>.ConvertToModel(ds.Tables[0]).ToList<City>(); } }} 
DataTable转List,我在网上找了一个帮助类: 
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Data;using System.Linq;using System.Reflection;using System.Web;namespace JsonDataInMVC.DBOperator{ public static class DataTableToList<T> where T : new() { public static IList<T> ConvertToModel(DataTable dt) {//定义集合IList<T> ts = new List<T>();T t = new T();string tempName = "";//获取此模型的公共属性PropertyInfo[] propertys = t.GetType().GetProperties();foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows){t = new T();foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propertys){ tempName = pi.Name; //检查DataTable是否包含此列 if (dt.Columns.Contains(tempName)) { //判断此属性是否有set if (!pi.CanWrite)continue; object value = row[tempName]; if (value != DBNull.Value)pi.SetValue(t, value, null); }}ts.Add(t);}return ts; } }} 
创建Province控制器: 
using JsonDataInMVC.DBOperator;using JsonDataInMVC.Models;using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;namespace JsonDataInMVC.Controllers{ public class ProvinceController : Controller { private AddressHelper db; public ProvinceController() {db = new AddressHelper(); } // GET: Province public ActionResult Index() {List<Province> lstProvince= db.GetAllProvince();ViewBag.ListProvince = lstProvince;return View(); } }} 
对应的Index视图: 
@using JsonDataInMVC.Models@{ ViewBag.Title = "Index"; List<Province> lstProvince = ViewBag.ListProvince as List<Province>;}<h2>ProvinceIndex</h2><label>省份:</label><select id="myProvince"> @foreach (var item in lstProvince) { <option value="@item.ProvinceID">@item.ProvinceName</option> }</select> 
修改一下,默认的路由, 
 public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) {routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");routes.MapRoute(name: "Default",url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",defaults: new { controller = "Province", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }); } 
先来看下阶段性的成果:运行程序: 



看,这样就加载了所有的省份数据,现在我们要进一步实现,选择一个省份的时候,加载数据到另外一个下拉框中。
修改控制器,添加一个方法: 

using JsonDataInMVC.DBOperator;using JsonDataInMVC.Models;using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;namespace JsonDataInMVC.Controllers{ public class ProvinceController : Controller { private AddressHelper db; public ProvinceController() {db = new AddressHelper(); } // GET: Province public ActionResult Index() {List<Province> lstProvince= db.GetAllProvince();ViewBag.ListProvince = lstProvince;return View(); } public JsonResult GetAllCityByProvinceID(int id) {List<City> lstCity= db.GetCityListByProvinceID(id);return Json(lstCity, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet); } }} 
Index视图中: 

@using JsonDataInMVC.Models@{ ViewBag.Title = "Index"; List<Province> lstProvince = ViewBag.ListProvince as List<Province>;}<h2>ProvinceIndex</h2><label>省份:</label><select id="myProvince"> @foreach (var item in lstProvince) { <option value="@item.ProvinceID">@item.ProvinceName</option> }</select><br/><hr /><label>城市:</label><select id="myCity"></select><script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $("#myProvince").change(function () {//获取省份的IDvar provinceID = $("#myProvince").val();//获取城市var myCity=$("#myCity");//加入测试代码debugger;$.ajax({url: "/Province/GetAllCityByProvinceID/" + provinceID,type: "post",dataType: "json",contentType: "application/json",success: function (result) { var myHTML = ""; myCity.html("");//赋值之前先清空 $.each(result, function (i, data) { myHTML += "<option value=" + data.CityID + ">" + data.CityName + "</option>"; }); myCity.append(myHTML);},error: function (result) { alert(result.responseText);}}); }) })</script> 
好了,弄好之后,运行程序: 
选择一个省份,对应的市的信息就被我们查出来了,绑定到另外的市的下拉框中了。 


总结:这篇文章,虽然基础,但是很重要,平时开发中,遇到很多这样的场景。 
还有就是EF用多了,ADO.NET也不能忘记。 
连接模式和非链接模式查询数据库6个步骤,牢记心中。

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。