详解AngularJS中自定义指令的使用

自定义指令中使用AngularJS扩展HTML的功能。自定义指令使用的“指令”的功能定义。自定义指令只是替换了它被激活的元素。引导过程中AngularJS应用程序找到了匹配的元素，并做好使用自定义指令compile（）方法一次活动再处理使用基于指令的范围自定义指令link（）方法的元素。 AngularJS提供支持，以下列元素的类型来创建自定义指令。

Element directives - 指令遇到时激活一个匹配的元素。
Attribute - - 指令遇到时激活一个匹配的属性。
CSS - - 指令遇到时激活匹配CSS样式。
Comment - - 指令遇到时激活匹配的注释。

了解自定义指令
定义自定义的HTML标签。

<student name="Mahesh"></student><br/><student name="Piyush"></student>

定义自定义指令来处理上面的自定义HTML标签。

var mainApp = angular.module（"mainApp", []）;//Create a directive, first parameter is the html element to be attached.//We are attaching student html tag. //This directive will be activated as soon as any student element is encountered in htmlmainApp.directive（"student", function（） {//define the directive objectvar directive = {};//restrict = E, signifies that directive is Element directivedirective.restrict = "E";//template replaces the complete element with its text. directive.template = "Student: <b>{{student.name}}</b> , Roll No: <b>{{student.rollno}}</b>";//scope is used to distinguish each student element based on criteria.directive.scope = {student : "=name"}//compile is called during application initialization. AngularJS calls it once when html page is loaded.directive.compile = function（element, attributes） { element.css（"border", "1px solid #cccccc"）;//linkFunction is linked with each element with scope to get the element specific data. var linkFunction = function（$scope, element, attributes） { element.html（"Student: <b>"+$scope.student.name +"</b> , Roll No: <b>"+$scope.student.rollno+"</b><br/>"）; element.css（"background-color", "#ff00ff"）; } return linkFunction;}return directive;}）;

定义控制器以更新范围为指令。在这里，我们使用name属性值作为子的作用域。

mainApp.controller（"StudentController", function（$scope） { $scope.Mahesh = {}; $scope.Mahesh.name = "Mahesh Parashar"; $scope.Mahesh.rollno = 1; $scope.Piyush = {}; $scope.Piyush.name = "Piyush Parashar"; $scope.Piyush.rollno = 2;}）;

例子

<html><head><title>Angular JS Custom Directives</title></head><body><h2>AngularJS Sample Application</h2><div ng-app="mainApp" ng-controller="StudentController"> <student name="Mahesh"></student><br/> <student name="Piyush"></student></div><script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.15/angular.min.js"></script><script> var mainApp = angular.module（"mainApp", []）; mainApp.directive（"student", function（） { var directive = {}; directive.restrict = "E"; directive.template = "Student: <b>{{student.name}}</b> , Roll No: <b>{{student.rollno}}</b>";directive.scope = {student : "=name" } directive.compile = function（element, attributes） {element.css（"border", "1px solid #cccccc"）;var linkFunction = function（$scope, element, attributes） {element.html（"Student: <b>"+$scope.student.name +"</b> , Roll No: <b>"+$scope.student.rollno+"</b><br/>"）;element.css（"background-color", "#ff00ff"）;}return linkFunction; } return directive; }）; mainApp.controller（"StudentController", function（$scope） {$scope.Mahesh = {};$scope.Mahesh.name = "Mahesh Parashar";$scope.Mahesh.rollno = 1;$scope.Piyush = {};$scope.Piyush.name = "Piyush Parashar";$scope.Piyush.rollno = 2; }）; </script></body></html>

结果
在Web浏览器中打开textAngularJS.html。看到结果如下：

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