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今天我来实现一个简单的聊天室,后台用nodejs, 客户端与服务端通信用socket.io,这是一个比较成熟的websocket框架.
初始工作
1.安装express, 用这个来托管socket.io,以及静态页面,命令npm install express --save,--save可以使包添加到package.json文件里.
2.安装socket.io,命令npm install socket.io --save.
编写服务端代码
首先我们通过express来托管网站,并附加到socket.io实例里,因为socket.io初次连接需要http协议
复制代码 代码如下:
var express = require("express"),
    io = require("socket.io");
var app = express();
app.use(express.static(__dirname));
var server = app.listen(8888);

var ws = io.listen(server);

添加服务器连接事件,当客户端连接成功之后,发公告告诉所有在线用户,并且,当用户发送消息时,发广播通知其它用户.
复制代码 代码如下:
ws.on("connection", function(client){
    console.log("33[96msomeone is connect33[39m ");
    client.on("join", function(msg){
        // 检查是否有重复
        if(checkNickname(msg)){
            client.emit("nickname", "昵称有重复!");
        }else{
            client.nickname = msg;
            ws.sockets.emit("announcement", "系统", msg + " 加入了聊天室!");
        }
    });
    // 监听发送消息
    client.on("send.message", function(msg){
        client.broadcast.emit("send.message",client.nickname,  msg);
    });
    // 断开连接时,通知其它用户
    client.on("disconnect", function(){
        if(client.nickname){
            client.broadcast.emit("send.message","系统",  client.nickname + "离开聊天室!");
        }
    })
})

由于客户端是通过昵称来标识的,所以服务端需要一个检测昵称重复的函数
复制代码 代码如下:
// 检查昵称是否重复
var checkNickname = function(name){
    for(var k in ws.sockets.sockets){
        if(ws.sockets.sockets.hasOwnProperty(k)){
            if(ws.sockets.sockets[k] && ws.sockets.sockets[k].nickname == name){
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

编写客服端代码
由于服务端采用第三方websokcet框架,所以前端页面需要单独引用socket.io客户端代码,源文件可以从socket.io模块里找,windows下路径为node_modulessocket.io ode_modulessocket.io-clientdist,这里有开发版和压缩版的,默认引用开发版就行.
前端主要处理输入昵称检查,消息处理,完整代码如下:
复制代码 代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>socket.io 聊天室例子</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reset.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/app.css"/>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="wrapper">
         <div class="content" id="chat">
             <ul id="chat_conatiner">
             </ul>
         </div>
         <div class="action">
             <textarea ></textarea>
             <button class="btn btn-success" id="clear">清屏</button>
             <button class="btn btn-success" id="send">发送</button>
         </div>
    </div>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="js/socket.io.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
          var ws = io.connect("http://172.16.2.184:8888");
          var sendMsg = function(msg){
              ws.emit("send.message", msg);
          }
          var addMessage = function(from, msg){
              var li = document.createElement("li");
              li.innerHTML = "<span>" + from + "</span>" + " : " + msg;
              document.querySelector("#chat_conatiner").appendChild(li);
              // 设置内容区的滚动条到底部
              document.querySelector("#chat").scrollTop = document.querySelector("#chat").scrollHeight;
              // 并设置焦点
              document.querySelector("textarea").focus();
          }
          var send = function(){
              var ele_msg = document.querySelector("textarea");
              var msg = ele_msg.value.replace(" ", "").trim();
              console.log(msg);
              if(!msg) return;
              sendMsg(msg);
              // 添加消息到自己的内容区
              addMessage("你", msg);
              ele_msg.value = "";
          }
          ws.on("connect", function(){
              var nickname = window.prompt("输入你的昵称!");
              while(!nickname){
                  nickname = window.prompt("昵称不能为空,请重新输入!")
              }
              ws.emit("join", nickname);
          });
          // 昵称有重复
          ws.on("nickname", function(){
              var nickname = window.prompt("昵称有重复,请重新输入!");
              while(!nickname){
                  nickname = window.prompt("昵称不能为空,请重新输入!")
              }
              ws.emit("join", nickname);
          });
          ws.on("send.message", function(from, msg){
              addMessage(from, msg);
          });
          ws.on("announcement", function(from, msg){
              addMessage(from, msg);
          });
          document.querySelector("textarea").addEventListener("keypress", function(event){
              if(event.which == 13){
                  send();
              }
          });
          document.querySelector("textarea").addEventListener("keydown", function(event){
              if(event.which == 13){
                  send();
              }
          });
          document.querySelector("#send").addEventListener("click", function(){
              send();
          });
          document.querySelector("#clear").addEventListener("click", function(){
              document.querySelector("#chat_conatiner").innerHTML = "";
          });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

这里提供完整的代码压缩文件
总结
nodejs是一个好东西,尤其是在处理消息通讯,网络编程方面,天生的异步IO.