在工作项目中,会遇到一些php并发访问去修改一个数据问题,如果这个数据不加锁,就会造成数据的错误。下面我将分析一个财务支付锁的问题。希望对大家有所帮助。
1 没有应用锁机制1.1 财务支付简化版本代码<!--?php /*** pay.php** 支付没有应用锁 ** Copy right (c) 2016** modification history:* --------------------* 2016/9/10, by CleverCode, Create**/ //用户支付function pay($userId,$money){ if(false == is_int($userId) || false == is_int($money)) {return false; }//取出总额 $total = getUserLeftMoney($userId); //花费大于剩余 if($money --> $total) {return false;} //余额 $left = $total - $money; //更新余额 return setUserLeftMoney($userId,$left); } //取出用户的余额function getUserLeftMoney($userId){ if(false == is_int($userId)) {return 0; } $sql = "select account form user_account where userid = ${userId}"; //$mysql = new mysql();//mysql数据库 return $mysql->query($sql);} //更新用户余额function setUserLeftMoney($userId,$money){ if(false == is_int($userId) || false == is_int($money)) {return false; } $sql = "update user_account set account = ${money} where userid = ${userId}"; //$mysql = new mysql();//mysql数据库 return $mysql->execute($sql);}?>
1.2 问题分析如果有两个操作人(p和m),都用用户编号100账户,分别在pc和手机端同时登陆,100账户总余额有1000,p操作人花200,m操作人花300。并发过程如下。
p操作人:
- 取出用户的余额1000。
- 支付后剩余 800 = 1000 - 200。
- 更新后账户余额800。
m操作人:
- 取出用户余额1000。
- 支付后剩余700 = 1000 - 300。
- 支付后账户余额700。
两次支付后,账户的余额居然还有700,应该的情况是花费了500,账户余额500才对。造成这个现象的根本原因,是并发的时候,p和m同时操作取到的余额数据都是1000。
2 加锁设计锁的操作一般只有两步,一 获取锁(getLock);二是释放锁(releaseLock)。但现实锁的方式有很多种,可以是文件方式实现;sql实现;Memcache实现;根据这种场景我们考虑使用策略模式。
2.1 类图设计如下
2.2 php源码设计如下
LockSystem.php
<!--?php /*** LockSystem.php** php锁机制 ** Copy right (c) 2016 ** modification history:* --------------------* 2016/9/10, by CleverCode, Create**/ class LockSystem{ const LOCK_TYPE_DB = 'SQLLock'; const LOCK_TYPE_FILE = 'FileLock'; const LOCK_TYPE_MEMCACHE = 'MemcacheLock'; private $_lock = null; private static $_supportLocks = array('FileLock', 'SQLLock', 'MemcacheLock');public function __construct($type, $options = array()){if(false == empty($type)){ $this--->createLock($type, $options);} }public function createLock($type, $options=array()) {if (false == in_array($type, self::$_supportLocks)){ throw new Exception("not support lock of ${type}");}$this->_lock = new $type($options); } public function getLock($key, $timeout = ILock::EXPIRE) {if (false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock) { throw new Exception("false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock"); } $this->_lock->getLock($key, $timeout);} public function releaseLock($key) {if (false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock) { throw new Exception("false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock"); } $this->_lock->releaseLock($key);} }interface ILock{ const EXPIRE = 5; public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE); public function releaseLock($key);} class FileLock implements ILock{ private $_fp; private $_single;public function __construct($options) {if (isset($options["path"]) && is_dir($options["path"])){ $this->_lockPath = $options["path"]."/";}else{ $this->_lockPath = "/tmp/";}$this->_single = isset($options["single"])?$options["single"]:false; } public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE) {$startTime = Timer::getTimeStamp(); $file = md5(__FILE__.$key);$this->fp = fopen($this->_lockPath.$file.".lock", "w+");if (true || $this->_single){ $op = LOCK_EX + LOCK_NB;}else{ $op = LOCK_EX;}if (false == flock($this->fp, $op, $a)){ throw new Exception("failed");}return true; } public function releaseLock($key) {flock($this->fp, LOCK_UN);fclose($this->fp); }} class SQLLock implements ILock{ public function __construct($options) {$this->_db = new mysql();}public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE) {$sql = "SELECT GET_LOCK("".$key."", "".$timeout."")";$res = $this->_db->query($sql);return $res; }public function releaseLock($key) {$sql = "SELECT RELEASE_LOCK("".$key."")";return $this->_db->query($sql); }} class MemcacheLock implements ILock{ public function __construct($options) { $this->memcache = new Memcache(); }public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE) {$waitime = 20000;$totalWaitime = 0;$time = $timeout*1000000;while ($totalWaitime < $time && false == $this->memcache->add($key, 1, $timeout)) { usleep($waitime); $totalWaitime += $waitime;}if ($totalWaitime >= $time) throw new Exception("can not get lock for waiting ".$timeout."s.");}public function releaseLock($key) {$this->memcache->delete($key); }}
3 应用锁机制3.1 支付系统应用锁<!--?php /*** pay.php** 支付应用锁 ** Copy right (c) 2016** modification history:* --------------------* 2016/9/10, by CleverCode, Create**/ //用户支付function pay($userId,$money){ if(false == is_int($userId) || false == is_int($money)) {return false; }try {//创建锁(推荐使用MemcacheLock)$lockSystem = new LockSystem(LockSystem::LOCK_TYPE_MEMCACHE); //获取锁$lockKey = 'pay'.$userId;$lockSystem--->getLock($lockKey,8); //取出总额$total = getUserLeftMoney($userId); //花费大于剩余if($money > $total){ $ret = false; }else{//余额 $left = $total - $money; //更新余额 $ret = setUserLeftMoney($userId,$left);} //释放锁$lockSystem->releaseLock($lockKey);} catch (Exception $e) {//释放锁$lockSystem->releaseLock($lockKey); } }//取出用户的余额function getUserLeftMoney($userId){ if(false == is_int($userId)) {return 0; } $sql = "select account form user_account where userid = ${userId}"; //$mysql = new mysql();//mysql数据库 return $mysql->query($sql);} //更新用户余额function setUserLeftMoney($userId,$money){ if(false == is_int($userId) || false == is_int($money)) {return false; } $sql = "update user_account set account = ${money} where userid = ${userId}"; //$mysql = new mysql();//mysql数据库 return $mysql->execute($sql);}?>
3.2 锁分析p操作人:
- 获取锁:pay100
- 取出用户的余额1000。
- 支付后剩余 800 = 1000 - 200。
- 更新后账户余额800。
- 释放锁:pay100
m操作人:
- 等待锁:pay100
- 获取锁:pay100
- 获取余额:800
- 支付后剩余500 = 800 - 300。
- 支付后账户余额500。
- 释放锁:pay100
两次支付后,余额500。非常完美了解决了并发造成的临界区资源的访问问题。
感谢阅读,希望能帮助到大家,谢谢大家对本站的支持!