本文实例讲述了PHP面向对象程序设计高级特性。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
静态属性<?phpclass StaticExample {static public $aNum = 0; // 静态共有属性static public function sayHello() { // 静态共有方法print "hello";}}print StaticExample::$aNum;StaticExample::sayHello();?>
输出:0 hello
点评:静态属性和方法,可以通过类直接调用。
SELF<?phpclass StaticExample {static public $aNum = 0;static public function sayHello() { // 这里的static 和 public的顺序可以颠倒self::$aNum++;print "hello (".self::$aNum.")
"; // self 指向当前类, $this指向当前对象。}}StaticExample::sayHello();StaticExample::sayHello();StaticExample::sayHello();?>
输出:
hello (1)hello (2)hello (3)
点评:self 指向当前类, this指向当前对象。self可以调用当前类的静态属性和方法。this指向当前对象。self可以调用当前类的静态属性和方法。this可以调用当前类的正常属性和方法。
常量属性<?phpclass ShopProduct {const AVAILABLE = 0; // 只能用大写字母命名常量const OUT_OF_STOCK= 1;public $status;}print ShopProduct::AVAILABLE;?>
输出:0
点评:常量只能用大写字母,并且可以通过类直接调用。
接口<?phpinterface Chargeable { // 接口,抽象类是介于基类与接口之间的东西public function getPrice();}class ShopProduct implements Chargeable {// ...protected $price;// ...public function getPrice() {return $this->price;}// ...}$product = new ShopProduct();?>
如果没有实现getPrice方法,将会报错。
Fatal error: Class ShopProduct contains 1 abstract method and must therefore be declared abstract or implement the remaining methods (Chargeable::getPrice)继承类与接口<?phpclass TimedService{ }interface Bookable{ }interface Chargeable{ }class Consultancy extends TimedService implements Bookable, Chargeable { // 继承类与接口// ...}?>
抽象类先来看一段代码
<?phpabstract class DomainObject {}class User extends DomainObject {public static function create() {return new User();}}class Document extends DomainObject {public static function create() {return new Document();}}$document = Document::create();print_r( $document );?>
输出:
Document Object()
静态方法<?phpabstract class DomainObject {private $group; // 私有属性grouppublic function __construct() {$this->group = static::getGroup();//static 静态类}public static function create() {return new static();}static function getGroup() { // 静态方法return "default";}}class User extends DomainObject {}class Document extends DomainObject {static function getGroup() { // 改变了内容return "document";}}class SpreadSheet extends Document { // 继承之后,group也就与document相同了}print_r(User::create());print_r(SpreadSheet::create());?>
输出:
User Object([group:DomainObject:private] => default)SpreadSheet Object([group:DomainObject:private] => document)
final字段使类无法被继承,用的不多
<?phpfinal class Checkout { // 终止类的继承// ...}class IllegalCheckout extends Checkout {// ...}$checkout = new Checkout();?>
输出:
Fatal error: Class IllegalCheckout may not inherit from final class (Checkout)final方法不能够被重写<?phpclass Checkout {final function totalize() {// calculate bill}}class IllegalCheckout extends Checkout {function totalize() { // 不能重写final方法// change bill calculation}}$checkout = new Checkout();?>
输出:
Fatal error: Cannot override final method Checkout::totalize()析构函数<?phpclass Person {protected $name;private $age;private $id;function __construct( $name, $age ) {$this->name = $name;$this->age = $age;}function setId( $id ) {$this->id = $id;}function __destruct() { // 析构函数if ( ! empty( $this->id ) ) {// save Person dataprint "saving person
";}if ( empty( $this->id ) ) {// save Person dataprint "do nothing
";}}}$person = new Person( "bob", 44 );$person->setId( 343 );$person->setId( "" ); // 最后执行析构函数,使用完之后执行?>
输出:
do nothing
__clone方法克隆的时候执行<?phpclass Person {private $name;private $age;private $id;function __construct( $name, $age ) {$this->name = $name;$this->age = $age;}function setId( $id ) {$this->id = $id;}function __clone() { // 克隆时候执行$this->id = 0;}}$person = new Person( "bob", 44 );$person->setId( 343 );$person2 = clone $person;print_r( $person );print_r( $person2 );?>
输出:
Person Object([name:Person:private] => bob[age:Person:private] => 44[id:Person:private] => 343)Person Object([name:Person:private] => bob[age:Person:private] => 44[id:Person:private] => 0)
再看一个例子
<?phpclass Account { // 账户类public $balance; // 余额function __construct( $balance ) {$this->balance = $balance;}}class Person {private $name;private $age;private $id;public $account;function __construct( $name, $age, Account $account ) {$this->name = $name;$this->age = $age;$this->account = $account;}function setId( $id ) {$this->id = $id;}function __clone() {$this->id= 0;}}$person = new Person( "bob", 44, new Account( 200 ) ); // 以类对象作为参数$person->setId( 343 );$person2 = clone $person;// give $person some money$person->account->balance += 10;// $person2 sees the credit tooprint $person2->account->balance; // person的属性account也是一个类,他的属性balance的值是210// output:// 210?>
点评:学习还是能够开拓大脑的,今天终于明白为什么有多个箭头的概念了$person->account->balance。这里的account属性是一个对象。
__toString<?phpclass Person {function getName() { return "Bob"; }function getAge() { return 44; }function __toString() {$desc = $this->getName()." (age ";$desc .= $this->getAge().")";return $desc;}}$person = new Person();print $person; // 打印时候集中处理// Bob (age 44)?>
点评:必须是print或echo时才有效,print_r就输出对象。
Person Object()
更多关于PHP相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题:《php面向对象程序设计入门教程》、《PHP基本语法入门教程》、《PHP运算与运算符用法总结》、《PHP网络编程技巧总结》、《PHP数组(Array)操作技巧大全》、《php字符串(string)用法总结》、《php+mysql数据库操作入门教程》及《php常见数据库操作技巧汇总》
希望本文所述对大家PHP程序设计有所帮助。