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本文实例讲述了PHP面向对象程序设计之类与反射API。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
了解类
class_exists验证类是否存在
<?php// TaskRunner.php$classname = "Task";$path = "tasks/{$classname}.php";if ( ! file_exists( $path ) ) {throw new Exception( "No such file as {$path}" ); //抛出异常,类文件不存在}require_once( $path );$qclassname = "tasks\$classname";if ( ! class_exists( $qclassname ) ) {throw new Exception( "No such class as $qclassname" ); //抛出异常,类不存在Fatal error: Uncaught exception "Exception" with message "No such class as tasksTask"Stack trace:#0 {main}}$myObj = new $qclassname();$myObj->doSpeak();?>
get_class 检查对象的类 instanceof 验证对象是否属于某个类
<?phpclass CdProduct {}function getProduct() {return new CdProduct("Exile on Coldharbour Lane","The", "Alabama 3", 10.99, 60.33 ); // 返回一个类对象}$product = getProduct();if ( get_class( $product ) == "CdProduct" ) {print "$product is a CdProduct object
";}?><?phpclass CdProduct {}function getProduct() {return new CdProduct("Exile on Coldharbour Lane","The", "Alabama 3", 10.99, 60.33 );}$product = getProduct();if ( $product instanceof CdProduct ) {print "$product is a CdProduct object
";}?>
get_class_methods 得到类中所有的方法列表,只获取public的方法,protected,private的方法获取不到。默认的就是public。
<?phpclass CdProduct {function __construct() { }function getPlayLength() { }function getSummaryLine() { }function getProducerFirstName() { }function getProducerMainName() { }function setDiscount() { }function getDiscount() { }function getTitle() { }function getPrice() { }function getProducer() { }}print_r( get_class_methods( "CdProduct" ) );?>
output:
Array([0] => __construct[1] => getPlayLength[2] => getSummaryLine[3] => getProducerFirstName[4] => getProducerMainName[5] => setDiscount[6] => getDiscount[7] => getTitle[8] => getPrice[9] => getProducer)
更多验证
<?phpclass ShopProduct {}interface incidental {};class CdProduct extends ShopProduct implements incidental {public $coverUrl;function __construct() { }function getPlayLength() { }function getSummaryLine() { }function getProducerFirstName() { }function getProducerMainName() { }function setDiscount() { }function getDiscount() { }function getTitle() { return "title
"; }function getPrice() { }function getProducer() { }}function getProduct() {return new CdProduct();}$product = getProduct(); // acquire an object$method = "getTitle"; // define a method nameprint $product->$method(); // invoke the methodif ( in_array( $method, get_class_methods( $product ) ) ) {print $product->$method(); // invoke the method}if ( is_callable( array( $product, $method) ) ) {print $product->$method(); // invoke the method}if ( method_exists( $product, $method ) ) {print $product->$method(); // invoke the method}print_r( get_class_vars( "CdProduct" ) );if ( is_subclass_of( $product, "ShopProduct" ) ) {print "CdProduct is a subclass of ShopProduct
";}if ( is_subclass_of( $product, "incidental" ) ) {print "CdProduct is a subclass of incidental
";}if ( in_array( "incidental", class_implements( $product )) ) {print "CdProduct is an interface of incidental
";}?>
output:
titletitletitletitleArray([coverUrl] =>)CdProduct is a subclass of ShopProductCdProduct is a subclass of incidentalCdProduct is an interface of incidental
__call方法
<?phpclass OtherShop {function thing() {print "thing
";}function andAnotherthing() {print "another thing
";}}class Delegator {private $thirdpartyShop;function __construct() {$this->thirdpartyShop = new OtherShop();}function __call( $method, $args ) { // 当调用未命名方法时执行call方法if ( method_exists( $this->thirdpartyShop, $method ) ) {return $this->thirdpartyShop->$method( );}}}$d = new Delegator();$d->thing();?>
output:
thing
传参使用
<?phpclass OtherShop {function thing() {print "thing
";}function andAnotherthing( $a, $b ) {print "another thing ($a, $b)
";}}class Delegator {private $thirdpartyShop;function __construct() {$this->thirdpartyShop = new OtherShop();}function __call( $method, $args ) {if ( method_exists( $this->thirdpartyShop, $method ) ) {return call_user_func_array(array( $this->thirdpartyShop,$method ), $args );}}}$d = new Delegator();$d->andAnotherThing( "hi", "hello" );?>
output:
another thing (hi, hello)
反射API
fullshop.php
<?phpclass ShopProduct {private $title;private $producerMainName;private $producerFirstName;protected $price;private $discount = 0;public function __construct($title, $firstName,$mainName, $price ) {$this->title = $title;$this->producerFirstName = $firstName;$this->producerMainName = $mainName;$this->price = $price;}public function getProducerFirstName() {return $this->producerFirstName;}public function getProducerMainName() {return $this->producerMainName;}public function setDiscount( $num ) {$this->discount=$num;}public function getDiscount() {return $this->discount;}public function getTitle() {return $this->title;}public function getPrice() {return ($this->price - $this->discount);}public function getProducer() {return "{$this->producerFirstName}"." {$this->producerMainName}";}public function getSummaryLine() {$base = "{$this->title} ( {$this->producerMainName}, ";$base .= "{$this->producerFirstName} )";return $base;}}class CdProduct extends ShopProduct {private $playLength = 0;public function __construct($title, $firstName,$mainName, $price, $playLength=78 ) {parent::__construct($title, $firstName,$mainName, $price );$this->playLength = $playLength;}public function getPlayLength() {return $this->playLength;}public function getSummaryLine() {$base = parent::getSummaryLine();$base .= ": playing time - {$this->playLength}";return $base;}}class BookProduct extends ShopProduct {private $numPages = 0;public function __construct($title, $firstName,$mainName, $price, $numPages ) {parent::__construct($title, $firstName,$mainName, $price );$this->numPages = $numPages;}public function getNumberOfPages() {return $this->numPages;}public function getSummaryLine() {$base = parent::getSummaryLine();$base .= ": page count - {$this->numPages}";return $base;}public function getPrice() {return $this->price;}}/*$product1 = new CdProduct("cd1", "bob", "bobbleson", 4, 50 );print $product1->getSummaryLine()."
";$product2 = new BookProduct("book1", "harry", "harrelson", 4, 30 );print $product2->getSummaryLine()."
";*/?><?phprequire_once "fullshop.php";$prod_class = new ReflectionClass( "CdProduct" );Reflection::export( $prod_class );?>
output:
Class [ <user> class CdProduct extends ShopProduct ] { @@ D:xampphtdocspopp-code5fullshop.php 53-73 - Constants [0] { } - Static properties [0] { } - Static methods [0] { } - Properties [2] {Property [ <default> private $playLength ]Property [ <default> protected $price ] } - Methods [10] {Method [ <user, overwrites ShopProduct, ctor> public method __construct ] { @@ D:xampphtdocspopp-code5fullshop.php 56 - 61 - Parameters [5] {Parameter #0 [ <required> $title ]Parameter #1 [ <required> $firstName ]Parameter #2 [ <required> $mainName ]Parameter #3 [ <required> $price ]Parameter #4 [ <optional> $playLength = 78 ] }}Method [ <user> public method getPlayLength ] { @@ D:xampphtdocspopp-code5fullshop.php 63 - 65}Method [ <user, overwrites ShopProduct, prototype ShopProduct> public method getSummaryLine ] { @@ D:xampphtdocspopp-code5fullshop.php 67 - 71}Method [ <user, inherits ShopProduct> public method getProducerFirstName ] { @@ D:xampphtdocspopp-code5fullshop.php 17 - 19}Method [ <user, inherits ShopProduct> public method getProducerMainName ] { @@ D:xampphtdocspopp-code5fullshop.php 21 - 23}Method [ <user, inherits ShopProduct> public method setDiscount ] { @@ D:xampphtdocspopp-code5fullshop.php 25 - 27 - Parameters [1] {Parameter #0 [ <required> $num ] }}Method [ <user, inherits ShopProduct> public method getDiscount ] { @@ D:xampphtdocspopp-code5fullshop.php 29 - 31}Method [ <user, inherits ShopProduct> public method getTitle ] { @@ D:xampphtdocspopp-code5fullshop.php 33 - 35}Method [ <user, inherits ShopProduct> public method getPrice ] { @@ D:xampphtdocspopp-code5fullshop.php 37 - 39}Method [ <user, inherits ShopProduct> public method getProducer ] { @@ D:xampphtdocspopp-code5fullshop.php 41 - 44} }}
点评:把类看的透彻的一塌糊涂,比var_dump强多了。哪些属性,继承了什么类。类中的方法哪些是自己的,哪些是重写的,哪些是继承的,一目了然。
查看类数据
<?phprequire_once("fullshop.php");function classData( ReflectionClass $class ) { $details = ""; $name = $class->getName(); if ( $class->isUserDefined() ) {$details .= "$name is user defined
"; } if ( $class->isInternal() ) {$details .= "$name is built-in
"; } if ( $class->isInterface() ) {$details .= "$name is interface
"; } if ( $class->isAbstract() ) {$details .= "$name is an abstract class
"; } if ( $class->isFinal() ) {$details .= "$name is a final class
"; } if ( $class->isInstantiable() ) {$details .= "$name can be instantiated
"; } else {$details .= "$name can not be instantiated
"; } return $details;}$prod_class = new ReflectionClass( "CdProduct" );print classData( $prod_class );?>
output:
CdProduct is user defined
CdProduct can be instantiated
查看方法数据
<?phprequire_once "fullshop.php";$prod_class = new ReflectionClass( "CdProduct" );$methods = $prod_class->getMethods();foreach ( $methods as $method ) { print methodData( $method ); print "
----
";}function methodData( ReflectionMethod $method ) { $details = ""; $name = $method->getName(); if ( $method->isUserDefined() ) {$details .= "$name is user defined
"; } if ( $method->isInternal() ) {$details .= "$name is built-in
"; } if ( $method->isAbstract() ) {$details .= "$name is abstract
"; } if ( $method->isPublic() ) {$details .= "$name is public
"; } if ( $method->isProtected() ) {$details .= "$name is protected
"; } if ( $method->isPrivate() ) {$details .= "$name is private
"; } if ( $method->isStatic() ) {$details .= "$name is static
"; } if ( $method->isFinal() ) {$details .= "$name is final
"; } if ( $method->isConstructor() ) {$details .= "$name is the constructor
"; } if ( $method->returnsReference() ) {$details .= "$name returns a reference (as opposed to a value)
"; } return $details;}?>
output:

__construct is user defined__construct is public__construct is the constructor----getPlayLength is user definedgetPlayLength is public----getSummaryLine is user definedgetSummaryLine is public----getProducerFirstName is user definedgetProducerFirstName is public----getProducerMainName is user definedgetProducerMainName is public----setDiscount is user definedsetDiscount is public----getDiscount is user definedgetDiscount is public----getTitle is user definedgetTitle is public----getPrice is user definedgetPrice is public----getProducer is user definedgetProducer is public
获取构造函数参数情况
<?phprequire_once "fullshop.php";$prod_class = new ReflectionClass( "CdProduct" );$method = $prod_class->getMethod( "__construct" );$params = $method->getParameters();foreach ( $params as $param ) {print argData( $param )."
";}function argData( ReflectionParameter $arg ) { $details = ""; $declaringclass = $arg->getDeclaringClass(); $name = $arg->getName(); $class = $arg->getClass(); $position = $arg->getPosition(); $details .= "$$name has position $position
"; if ( ! empty( $class ) ) {$classname = $class->getName();$details .= "$$name must be a $classname object
"; } if ( $arg->isPassedByReference() ) {$details .= "$$name is passed by reference
"; } if ( $arg->isDefaultValueAvailable() ) {$def = $arg->getDefaultValue();$details .= "$$name has default: $def
"; } if ( $arg->allowsNull() ) {$details .= "$$name can be null
"; } return $details;}?>
output:
$title has position 0$title can be null$firstName has position 1$firstName can be null$mainName has position 2$mainName can be null$price has position 3$price can be null$playLength has position 4$playLength has default: 78$playLength can be null
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