本文实例讲述了PHP面向对象程序设计之对象生成方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
对象看个例子
<?phpabstract class Employee { // 雇员protected $name;function __construct( $name ) {$this->name = $name;}abstract function fire();}class Minion extends Employee { // 奴隶 继承 雇员function fire() {print "{$this->name}: I"ll clear my desk
";}}class NastyBoss { // 坏老板private $employees = array();function addEmployee( $employeeName ) { // 添加员工$this->employees[] = new Minion( $employeeName ); // 代码灵活性受到限制}function projectFails() {if ( count( $this->employees ) > 0 ) {$emp = array_pop( $this->employees );$emp->fire(); // 炒鱿鱼}}}$boss = new NastyBoss();$boss->addEmployee( "harry" );$boss->addEmployee( "bob" );$boss->addEmployee( "mary" );$boss->projectFails();// output:// mary: I"ll clear my desk?>
再看一个更具有灵活性的案例
<?phpabstract class Employee {protected $name;function __construct( $name ) {$this->name = $name;}abstract function fire();}class Minion extends Employee {function fire() {print "{$this->name}: I"ll clear my desk
";}}class NastyBoss {private $employees = array(); function addEmployee( Employee $employee ) { // 传入对象$this->employees[] = $employee;}function projectFails() {if ( count( $this->employees ) ) {$emp = array_pop( $this->employees );$emp->fire();}}}// new Employee class...class CluedUp extends Employee {function fire() {print "{$this->name}: I"ll call my lawyer
";}}$boss = new NastyBoss();$boss->addEmployee( new Minion( "harry" ) ); // 直接以对象作为参数,更具有灵活性$boss->addEmployee( new CluedUp( "bob" ) );$boss->addEmployee( new Minion( "mary" ) );$boss->projectFails();$boss->projectFails();$boss->projectFails();// output:// mary: I"ll clear my desk// bob: I"ll call my lawyer// harry: I"ll clear my desk?>
单例<?phpclass Preferences {private $props = array();private static $instance; // 私有的,静态属性private function __construct() { } // 无法实例化,私有的构造函数public static function getInstance() { // 返回对象 静态方法才可以被类访问,静态方法中要有静态属性if ( empty( self::$instance ) ) {self::$instance = new Preferences();}return self::$instance;}public function setProperty( $key, $val ) {$this->props[$key] = $val;}public function getProperty( $key ) {return $this->props[$key];}}$pref = Preferences::getInstance();$pref->setProperty( "name", "matt" );unset( $pref ); // remove the reference$pref2 = Preferences::getInstance();print $pref2->getProperty( "name" ) ."
"; // demonstrate value is not lost?>
点评:不能随意创建对象,只能通过Preferences::getInstance()来创建对象。
工厂模式<?phpabstract class ApptEncoder {abstract function encode();}class BloggsApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {function encode() {return "Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format
";}}class MegaApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {function encode() {return "Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format
";}}class CommsManager { // 负责生产Bloggs对象function getApptEncoder() {return new BloggsApptEncoder();}}$obj = new CommsManager();$bloggs = $obj->getApptEncoder(); // 获取对象print $bloggs->encode();?>
output:
Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format
进一步增加灵活性设置
<?phpabstract class ApptEncoder {abstract function encode();}class BloggsApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {function encode() {return "Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format
";}}class MegaApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {function encode() {return "Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format
";}}class CommsManager {const BLOGGS = 1;const MEGA = 2;private $mode ;function __construct( $mode ) {$this->mode = $mode;}function getHeaderText() {switch ( $this->mode ) {case ( self::MEGA ):return "MegaCal header
";default:return "BloggsCal header
";}}function getApptEncoder() {switch ( $this->mode ) {case ( self::MEGA ):return new MegaApptEncoder();default:return new BloggsApptEncoder();}}}$man = new CommsManager( CommsManager::MEGA );print ( get_class( $man->getApptEncoder() ) )."
";$man = new CommsManager( CommsManager::BLOGGS );print ( get_class( $man->getApptEncoder() ) )."
";?>
output:
MegaApptEncoder
BloggsApptEncoder
工厂方法模式要把创建者类与要生产的产品类分离开来。
抽象工厂通过抽象来来约束,成为一定的规矩。
<?phpabstract class ApptEncoder {abstract function encode();}class BloggsApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {function encode() {return "Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format
";}}class MegaApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {function encode() {return "Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format
";}}abstract class CommsManager { // 预约abstract function getHeaderText();abstract function getApptEncoder();abstract function getTtdEncoder();abstract function getContactEncoder();abstract function getFooterText();}class BloggsCommsManager extends CommsManager {function getHeaderText() {return "BloggsCal header
";}function getApptEncoder() {return new BloggsApptEncoder();}function getTtdEncoder() {return new BloggsTtdEncoder();}function getContactEncoder() {return new BloggsContactEncoder();}function getFooterText() {return "BloggsCal footer
";}}class MegaCommsManager extends CommsManager {function getHeaderText() {return "MegaCal header
";}function getApptEncoder() {return new MegaApptEncoder();}function getTtdEncoder() {return new MegaTtdEncoder();}function getContactEncoder() {return new MegaContactEncoder();}function getFooterText() {return "MegaCal footer
";}}$mgr = new MegaCommsManager();print $mgr->getHeaderText();print $mgr->getApptEncoder()->encode(); // 对象调用方法,返回对象,继续调用方法。print $mgr->getFooterText();?>
output:
MegaCal header
Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format
MegaCal footer
更加牛逼的实现
<?php// 根据类图,规划类的代码。从大局入手。abstract class ApptEncoder {abstract function encode();}class BloggsApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {function encode() {return "Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format
";}}class MegaApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {function encode() {return "Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format
";}}abstract class CommsManager {const APPT= 1;const TTD = 2;const CONTACT = 3;abstract function getHeaderText();abstract function make( $flag_int ); // int标记abstract function getFooterText();}class BloggsCommsManager extends CommsManager {function getHeaderText() {return "BloggsCal header
";}function make( $flag_int ) {switch ( $flag_int ) {case self::APPT: // self直接控制常量return new BloggsApptEncoder();case self::CONTACT:return new BloggsContactEncoder();case self::TTD:return new BloggsTtdEncoder();}}function getFooterText() {return "BloggsCal footer
";}}$mgr = new BloggsCommsManager();print $mgr->getHeaderText();print $mgr->make( CommsManager::APPT )->encode();print $mgr->getFooterText();?>
output:
BloggsCal header
Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format
BloggsCal footer
原型模式改造成一个保存具体产品的工厂类。
<?phpclass Sea {} // 大海class EarthSea extends Sea {}class MarsSea extends Sea {}class Plains {} // 平原class EarthPlains extends Plains {}class MarsPlains extends Plains {}class Forest {} // 森林class EarthForest extends Forest {}class MarsForest extends Forest {}class TerrainFactory { // 地域工厂private $sea;private $forest;private $plains;function __construct( Sea $sea, Plains $plains, Forest $forest ) { // 定义变量为类对象$this->sea = $sea;$this->plains = $plains;$this->forest = $forest;}function getSea( ) {return clone $this->sea; // 克隆}function getPlains( ) {return clone $this->plains;}function getForest( ) {return clone $this->forest;}}$factory = new TerrainFactory( new EarthSea(),new EarthPlains(),new EarthForest() );print_r( $factory->getSea() );print_r( $factory->getPlains() );print_r( $factory->getForest() );?>
output:
EarthSea Object()EarthPlains Object()EarthForest Object()
更多关于PHP相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题:《php面向对象程序设计入门教程》、《PHP基本语法入门教程》、《PHP运算与运算符用法总结》、《PHP网络编程技巧总结》、《PHP数组(Array)操作技巧大全》、《php字符串(string)用法总结》、《php+mysql数据库操作入门教程》及《php常见数据库操作技巧汇总》
希望本文所述对大家PHP程序设计有所帮助。