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LayoutInflater解析
前言:
在Android中,如果是初级玩家,很可能对LayoutInflater不太熟悉,或许只是在Fragment的onCreateView()中模式化的使用过而已。但如果稍微有些工作经验的人就知道,这个类有多么重要,它是连接布局XMl和Java代码的桥梁,我们常常疑惑,为什么Android支持在XML书写布局?
我们想到的必然是Android内部帮我们解析xml文件,LayoutInflater就是帮我们做了这个工作。
首先LayoutInflater是一个系统服务,这个我们可以从from方法看出来
 /** * Obtains the LayoutInflater from the given context. */public static LayoutInflater from(Context context) {LayoutInflater LayoutInflater =(LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);if (LayoutInflater == null) {throw new AssertionError("LayoutInflater not found.");}return LayoutInflater;}
通常我们拿到LayoutInflater对象之后就会调用其inflate方法进行加载布局,inflate是一个重载方法
public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root) {return inflate(resource, root, root != null);}
可以看到,我们调用2个参数的方法时候其默认是添加到父布局中的(父布局一般不为空)
public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {final Resources res = getContext().getResources();if (DEBUG) {Log.d(TAG, "INFLATING from resource: "" + res.getResourceName(resource) + "" ("+ Integer.toHexString(resource) + ")");}final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);try {return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);} finally {parser.close();}}
这个方法中,其实是使用Resources将资源ID还原为XMlResoourceParser对象,然后调用inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)方法,解析布局的具体步骤都是在这个方法中实现
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);Context lastContext = (Context)mConstructorArgs[0];mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;View result = root;try {// Look for the root node.//1.循环寻找根节点,其实就是节点指针遍历的过程int type;while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {// Empty}if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()+ ": No start tag found!");}//2.得到节点的名字,用于判断该节点final String name = parser.getName();if (DEBUG) {System.out.println("**************************");System.out.println("Creating root view: "+ name);System.out.println("**************************");}//3.对节点名字进行判断,然后是merge就将其添加到父布局中(依据Merge的特性必须添加到父布局中)if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "+ "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");}rInflate(parser, root, attrs, false, false);} else {//4.创建根据节点创建View// Temp is the root view that was found in the xmlfinal View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, attrs, false);ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;if (root != null) {if (DEBUG) {System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +root);}// Create layout params that match root, if supplied//5.根据attrs生成布局参数params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);if (!attachToRoot) {// Set the layout params for temp if we are not// attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)//6.如果View不添加到父布局中,那就给其本身设置布局参数temp.setLayoutParams(params);}}if (DEBUG) {System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");}// Inflate all children under temp// 7.将该节点下的子View全部加载rInflate(parser, temp, attrs, true, true);if (DEBUG) {System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");}// We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)// to root. Do that now.//8.如果添加到父布局中,直接addViewif (root != null && attachToRoot) {root.addView(temp, params);}// Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the// top view found in xml.//9.如果不添加到父布局,那么将自己返回if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {result = temp;}}} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {InflateException ex = new InflateException(e.getMessage());ex.initCause(e);throw ex;} catch (IOException e) {InflateException ex = new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()+ ": " + e.getMessage());ex.initCause(e);throw ex;} finally {// Don"t retain static reference on context.mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;mConstructorArgs[1] = null;}Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);return result;}}
重点的步骤我已经加上注释了,核心

1.找到根布局标签
2.创建根节点对应的View
3.创建其子View
我们从这里面可以看出来,子View的解析其实都是rInflate方法,如果xml中有根布局,那么就调用createViewFromTag创建布局中的根View。我们也可以明白merge的原来,因为它直接调用rInflate添加到父View中,看到rInflate(parser, root, attrs, false, false)和rInflate(parser, temp, attrs, true, true)第二个参数区别我们就明白了。
接下来我们看下rInflate如何创建多个布局
void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, final AttributeSet attrs,boolean finishInflate, boolean inheritContext) throws XmlPullParserException,IOException {//获取当前解析器指针所在节点处于布局层次final int depth = parser.getDepth();int type;//进行树的深度优先遍历(如果一个节点有子节点将会再次进入rInflate,否则继续循环)while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {continue;}final String name = parser.getName();//如果其中有request_focus标签,那就给这个节点View设置焦点if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);//如果其中有tag标签,那就给这个节点View设置tag(key,value)} else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);} else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {//如果其中是include标签,如果include标签if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");}parseInclude(parser, parent, attrs, inheritContext);} else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");} else {//创建该节点代表的View并添加到父view中,此外遍历子节点final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, attrs, inheritContext);final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);rInflate(parser, view, attrs, true, true);viewGroup.addView(view, params);}}//代表着一个节点含其子节点遍历结束if (finishInflate) parent.onFinishInflate();}
从上面可以看到,所以创建View都将会交给createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, AttributeSet attrs, boolean inheritContext)中,我们可以看下该方法如何创建View
View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, AttributeSet attrs, boolean inheritContext) {if (name.equals("view")) {name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");}Context viewContext;if (parent != null && inheritContext) {viewContext = parent.getContext();} else {viewContext = mContext;}// Apply a theme wrapper, if requested.final TypedArray ta = viewContext.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);if (themeResId != 0) {viewContext = new ContextThemeWrapper(viewContext, themeResId);}ta.recycle();if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) {// Let"s party like it"s 1995!return new BlinkLayout(viewContext, attrs);}if (DEBUG) System.out.println("******** Creating view: " + name);try {View view;if (mFactory2 != null) {view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, viewContext, attrs);} else if (mFactory != null) {view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, viewContext, attrs);} else {view = null;}if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, viewContext, attrs);}if (view == null) {final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];mConstructorArgs[0] = viewContext;try {if (-1 == name.indexOf(".")) {view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);} else {view = createView(name, null, attrs);}} finally {mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;}}if (DEBUG) System.out.println("Created view is: " + view);return view;} catch (InflateException e) {throw e;} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()+ ": Error inflating class " + name);ie.initCause(e);throw ie;} catch (Exception e) {InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()+ ": Error inflating class " + name);ie.initCause(e);throw ie;}}
其实很简单,就是4个降级处理

if(factory2!=null){ factory2.onCreateView(); }else if(factory!=null){ factory.onCreateView(); }else if(mPrivateFactory!=null){ mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(); }else{ onCreateView() }
其他的onCreateView我们不去设置的话为null,我们看下自己的onCreateView(),其实这个方法会调用createView()
public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {//从构造器Map(缓存)中获取需要的构造器Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);Class<? extends View> clazz = null;try {Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, name);if (constructor == null) {// Class not found in the cache, see if it"s real, and try to add it//如果缓存中没有需要的构造器,那就通过ClassLoader加载需要的类clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);if (!allowed) {failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);}}//将使用过的构造器缓存constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);} else {// If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructorif (mFilter != null) {// Have we seen this name before?Boolean allowedState = mFilterMap.get(name);if (allowedState == null) {// New class -- remember whether it is allowedclazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);boolean allowed = clazz != null && mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);mFilterMap.put(name, allowed);if (!allowed) {failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);}} else if (allowedState.equals(Boolean.FALSE)) {failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);}}}Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;args[1] = attrs;constructor.setAccessible(true);//通过反射获取需要的实例对象final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);if (view instanceof ViewStub) {// Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;//ViewStub将创建一个属于自己的LayoutInflater,因为它需要在不同的时机去inflateviewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));}return view;} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()+ ": Error inflating class "+ (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name));ie.initCause(e);throw ie;} catch (ClassCastException e) {// If loaded class is not a View subclassInflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()+ ": Class is not a View "+ (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name));ie.initCause(e);throw ie;} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {// If loadClass fails, we should propagate the exception.throw e;} catch (Exception e) {InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()+ ": Error inflating class "+ (clazz == null ? "<unknown>" : clazz.getName()));ie.initCause(e);throw ie;} finally {Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);}}
大体步骤就是,

1.从缓存中获取特定View构造器,如果没有,则加载对应的类,并缓存该构造器,
2.利用构造器反射构造对应的View
3.如果是ViewStub则复制一个LayoutInflater对象传递给它
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